William Shakespeare :: English Literature Essays

William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare was a very successful man he was an English dramatist and poet. (1) He is considered the greatest playwright who ever lived. His comedies, sonnets, (the steady fact, however, of Meress mention of the Sonnets, two of which (though the whole collection was not published till ten years later) appeared secret, it would seem, next year (1599), introduces another range of vatic exercise in biography, which has sometimes been followed in opposition to the former method, but has been much frequently combined with it so as to permit of even more fruitful and wilder expatiation.), tragedies, and poetry. He has been famous ever since all of his works. He wasnt really recognized then, because people didnt know or look who he was, now people know what he has done. The table of Shakespeares plays is uncertain, but a reasonable approximation of their order can be imply from dates of publication, references in contemporary writings, and resources in the pla ys to contemporary events, thematic relationships, and metrical and stylistic comparisons. One of his accomplishments was his famous tragedy it was called Romeo & Juliet, written by Shakespeare at a somewhat companionship in his literary career, most probably in 1594 or 1595. In Romeo and Juliet the main plot, in which the new screw between Romeo and Juliet comes into conflict with the longstanding nuisance between their families, is skillfully advanced, while the true development of minor characters supports and enriches it. The most complex of Shakespeares early plays, Romeo and Juliet is far more than (2) a play of young love or the worlds typical love-tragedy. Weaving together a large number of related impressions and judgments, it is as much about hate as love. It tells of a family and its lieu as well as a feud and a tragic marriage. The public life of Verona and the private lives of the Veronese make up the setting for the love of Juliet and Romeo and supply the backgrou nd against which their love can be estimated. (1) The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 1994-2000, William Shakespeare (2) The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 1994- 2000, William Shakespeare It is not the deaths of the lovers that enclose the play but the public revelation of what has happened, with the admonitions of the Prince and the balancing of the two families. Another one of Williams works of art is Hamlet. Hamlet is a legendary Danish prince and hero of Shakespeares play Hamlet.

La Traviata :: essays research papers

La TraviataA Commentary The film La Triviata displayed a fundamental romantic attack on conventional buttoned-down morals, arguing that a good heart is more important than social acceptance, that the distinctions which split the beau monde (socially elite) from the demimonde (courtesans) are harsh and hypocritical, and that true love must rejoice over all. Alfredos father destroyed this relationship when he pays visit to Violetta and request she break off the relationship with his son. Alfredos sister is engaged to be married, but if word of his affair with Violetta were to bilk out, the engagement would be terminated. During this while even the most respectful families would non even want to associate with other family in which one of the members was entangled with such a sinful person. This demonstrates that mating is viewed as a business arrangement put together by families, sort of than by the love between two people.Like the characters in the film, women in the 19th cen tury didnt have many choices in life. They were expected to get married and be supported by a husband. For those few who didnt sometimes became prostitutes or if they were lucky, courtesans. Any woman who slept with a man before marriage was thought to be ruined (unfit to wed), and should be shunned as a social outcast. For many such women prostitution was a means of survival. Violetta represents the extent of female freedom in the 19th century. She uses men to survive by accepting gifts and money, but she is not trapped in the legal repression of marriage. Violettas life is filled with parties and smashed male companions provide her with far more excitement in life than would the traditional role of marriage. However, Violettas choice is misleading, for she knows that a woman in this time cant go against tradition without facing severe repercussions.Contradictions and hypocrisy was prevalent between the lives and values of the bourgeois gentlemen. Prostitution and gambling were e xtremely touristy and widespread, at the same time they were being publically condemned. Men were expected to have mistresses whom they supported financially but they were expected to conceal that fact, and they were expected not to fall in love with them.

The James Wright Festival :: essays research papers

The James Wright FestivalPart OneAfter pick outing the poem entitled younker, I felt that James Wright was not only describing the aliveness of his mystify but also the lives of the many other grinder workers in the Ohio Valley. Many of these workers had both dropped out of school or went straight to the factories after senior high school, never really getting a chance to enjoy their lives as young adults. I think that has something to do with the title of this poem. Its clear that Wright knew his father and the other men were not satisfied with their jobs and just chose not to speak about it. These factory workers slaved away and then came home quiet as the even probably because they were content to just be relaxing at home with their families. They knew that this was their way of living and they had to do it, even if they had big dreams to someday get away. I think that Wright was also trying to make a point that these men who worked so serious every day were not valued a s more than as they should have been. These men did not have the education to get a higher(prenominal) paying job but they did have the proper skills and acquaintance to work in the factories. I like that James Wright menti 1d Sherwood Anderson in this poem as I enjoy his work. Anderson left his Ohio hometown for Chicago to pursuit bigger and fall apart things because he knew if he stayed in the area, he would be unhappy. However, it is a little ironic that Anderson one day just got up and left in the mall of writing and was said to have a mental breakdown.I can definitely face what Wright was communicating with this poem. I had a somewhat depressed soupcon after reading it, but I dont know how one could read this and NOT feel that way. I also felt a little sad because I have been around pack like this all of my life. Family, friends, friends of the family- a large majority of these people worked in factories and in the brace mills. As a child, I did not realize just how har d working these people were but of course as I grew older I started to understand. No one really spoke of it, as Wright also expressed in the poem. As far as what was important to me in the experience of the poem, I felt that the fact that I could actually relate was important.The James Wright Festival essays research written document The James Wright FestivalPart OneAfter reading the poem entitled Youth, I felt that James Wright was not only describing the life of his father but also the lives of the many other factory workers in the Ohio Valley. Many of these workers had either dropped out of school or went straight to the factories after high school, never really getting a chance to enjoy their lives as young adults. I think that has something to do with the title of this poem. Its clear that Wright knew his father and the other men were not satisfied with their jobs and just chose not to speak about it. These factory workers slaved away and then came home quiet as the evening probably because they were content to just be relaxing at home with their families. They knew that this was their way of life and they had to do it, even if they had big dreams to someday get away. I think that Wright was also trying to make a point that these men who worked so hard every day were not valued as much as they should have been. These men did not have the education to get a higher paying job but they did have the proper skills and knowledge to work in the factories. I like that James Wright mentioned Sherwood Anderson in this poem as I enjoy his work. Anderson left his Ohio hometown for Chicago to pursuit bigger and better things because he knew if he stayed in the area, he would be unhappy. However, it is a little ironic that Anderson one day just got up and left in the middle of writing and was said to have a mental breakdown.I can definitely see what Wright was communicating with this poem. I had a somewhat depressed feeling after reading it, but I dont know how one could read this and NOT feel that way. I also felt a little sad because I have been around people like this all of my life. Family, friends, friends of the family- a large majority of these people worked in factories and in the steel mills. As a child, I did not realize just how hard working these people were but of course as I grew older I started to understand. No one really spoke of it, as Wright also expressed in the poem. As far as what was important to me in the experience of the poem, I felt that the fact that I could actually relate was important.

Symbollism in Goodman Brown Essay -- Essays Papers

Symbollism in Goodman BrownThe symbol in Nathan Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown begins before the twaddle starts. The first sign of symbolization is in the title of the story. The word young is used in saying that Mr. Brown is young in his marriage and in his maturity. The next word Goodman was a term used in Hawthornes day as a man under a gentleman. This fits Mr. Brown because he is no genius special, only to his friends and family. Symbolism is strewn throughout the story in what seems like every word. In the beginning of the story, the phrase Faith, as the wife was so aptly named shows that the word Faith is not only his wifes name, rather it is also the Faith one must have to believe in religion. Mr. Browns faith is tested in this story to determine wether or not he is good or evil. Secondly, when he is leaving and his wife is begging that he stay. This is awful close the situation later in the story where his mothers ghost is trying to hold him back. Yet, Mr. Brow n tells his wife that My journey, as thoust call it, forth and back again must be done twixt now and sunrise. victorious a journey as she calls it like his father and his grandfather had when they were young. Once again, later in the story when his mother tells him to stay back, the ghost of his father is the one who tells him to go on. When Mr. Brown enters the forest he says that There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree (which will be discussed later) and W...

Ann Petry’s The Street Essay -- Black motherhood Petry Street Essays

Ann Petrys The Street In our society of today, there be many ambits that are portrayed through media and through personal experience that speak to the issues of dour motherhood, conjugal union and the black family. Wherever one turns, there is the image of the black woman in the projects and truly rarely the image of successful black women. Even when these positive images are portrayed, it is almost in a stylus that speaks to the supposed inferiority of black women. Women, black women in particular, are placed into a society that marginalizes and controls many of the aspects of a black womans life. As a result, many black women do not see a source of opportunity, a way to escape the drudgery of their everyday existence. For example, if we were to ask black mothers if they would change their situation if it became possible for them to do so, many would change, but others would say that it is not possible This answer would be the result of living(a) in a society that has co nditioned black women to accept their lots in lives instead of fighting against the system of white and male dominated supremacy. In Ann Petrys The Street, we are given a view of a black mother who is struggling to escape what the street symbolizes. In the end though, she becomes captive to the very social occasion she wishes to escape. Petry presents black motherhood, marriage and the black family as things that are marginalized according to the society in which they take place. The main image that Petry gives of the black mother is Lutie, though there are other images that are crucial in explaining this image. Lutie is a single black mother living on the street. Her world revolves around providing for her son, and arduous to make sure that they ar... ...courage to survive in the world. On the other hand, her portrayal of marriage and the black family appears to be negative. Marriage is seen as a convenient thingas something that is expected, but not worth having w hen times get rough. At least this is what Luties and Jims marriage became. The moral attributes that go along with marriage do not seem to be prevalent. As a result, because marriage and the black family are seen as the core of the black club, blacks become more divided up and begin to work against themselvesreinforcing among themselves the white male supremacy. Instead of being oppressed by another race or community, blacks oppress themselves. Petry critiques these issues in the black community and makes them more applicable to our lives today. These issues still exist, but we fail to realize them because of our advancement in society today.

Ann Petry’s The Street Essay -- Black motherhood Petry Street Essays

Ann Petrys The Street In our society of today, there are many images that are portrayed through and through media and through personal experience that speak to the issues of discolor motherhood, marriage and the black family. Wherever one turns, there is the image of the black woman in the projects and very rarely the image of successful black women. Even when these positive images are portrayed, it is almost in a manner that speaks to the supposed inferiority of black women. Women, black women in particular, are placed into a society that marginalizes and controls many of the aspects of a black womans life. As a result, many black women do not see a source of opportunity, a way to escape the drudgery of their everyday existence. For example, if we were to ask black mothers if they would change their situation if it became feasible for them to do so, many would change, but others would say that it is not possible This answer would be the result of living in a society that has conditioned black women to accept their lots in lives instead of fighting against the system of white and male dominated supremacy. In Ann Petrys The Street, we are given a contemplate of a black mother who is struggling to escape what the street symbolizes. In the end though, she becomes captive to the very thing she wishes to escape. Petry presents black motherhood, marriage and the black family as things that are marginalized according to the society in which they take place. The main image that Petry gives of the black mother is Lutie, though there are other images that are essential in explaining this image. Lutie is a single black mother living on the street. Her world revolves around providing for her son, and trying to make sure that they ar... ...courage to survive in the world. On the other hand, her portrayal of marriage and the black family appears to be negative. Marriage is seen as a convenient thingas something that is expected, but not worth having w hen quantify get rough. At least this is what Luties and Jims marriage became. The moral attributes that go along with marriage do not seem to be prevalent. As a result, because marriage and the black family are seen as the core of the black community, blacks become more divided and begin to work against themselvesreinforcing among themselves the white male supremacy. sort of of being oppressed by another race or community, blacks oppress themselves. Petry critiques these issues in the black community and makes them more applicable to our lives today. These issues still exist, but we move over to realize them because of our advancement in society today.

Describe how health and safety is implemented in your setting

The insurance policy states that they as a cultivate they do not administer medication to children as most medicines atomic number 18 3 times a day and it possible administer this without the trains help. However if it is requi release then mentions/carers moldiness complete a consent slip for this to happen. on the whole medication is unplowed in the school office. Treatments for something life threatening such anaphylactic shock, parent must have completed a consent form to every(prenominal)ow a send ford and trained member of staff to administer should it be necessary. There is a school medical register and a copy of this is in all(a) classrooms.Accident reportingThe policy defines that all accidents must be reported to the headteacher and as well to the health ans safety co-ordinator. Any accident must also be written in the accident book which is in line with a council policy. It states that the accident must report the succeeding(a) detail name and address of injured person time, date and place the accident occurred what happened what injury it was treatment given any witness information and finally any early(a) information that is relevant If the child involved has had a bump to the head, a letter is sent home that day and the child would have a red dot sticker on their collar to alert the parent/carer.Chemical safety The most hazardous chemicals found in school are used by the caretaker. These are kept in a locked cupboard and only a meek quantity is kept in school. They must always be in the original bottle and never in food or drinks containers. Chemical data sheets for such substances are kept in the office and offer advice on protection compulsioned for using each chemical and the procedure for accidents with chemicals or in case of fire. Conduct and behaviour around school Children are make fully aware of how they should behave in and around the school through the use of school and also classroom rules.Any behaviour that is unacceptab le is dealt with according to the school behaviour policy. Children are required to walk within the school, open doors carefully, line up inside the classroom quietly to await further instructions and hold that their belongings are stored safely on their peg to avoid trip hazards. During playtime, the children are expect to be aware of people and their surroundings, realize that they are not allowed to climb on walls/fences, play in areas that are not play areas for example the toilets and not to lift each other up, even during a game. electrical safetyElectricity is one of the most dangerous things within the school and most people know how dangerous it is. The following points are the main part of the policy and are adhered to all times all portable appliances are electrical tested staff must visually check off equipment before use and any faults at any time must be reported to the headteacher and invest manager no one in school is permitted to work on electrical items in th at location must be no trailing cables and if using 4 way gang adapters they should be secured by the wall so not to create a trip hazard all fixed electrical items are to be tested every 5 yearsFire safety The scratch action required in the policy is, if you discover a fire to sound the alarm at once. It states that if you are free to do so, use the appropriate fire extinguisher to fishing gear the fire however you must not take a personal risk. If the continuous sound of the fire alarm is heard teachers and children are well apt at following the procedure which is practised at least once a term. During the fire drill the headteacher will record the time it takes and it is in the policy that St Lukes ensure that a complete evacuation is done within 2 minutes.The class teachers remain responsible for getting the children to the assembly point, whilst the teaching assistants check all areas of the school and the office is responsible for calling the fire brigade should it be neces sary. Each classroom has a fire exit which is to be kept clear at all times, fire exit sign, the blue fire notices, and exit route map must be next to the door for all persons to read. The site manager has responsibility to carry out regular fire inspections and take any action needed. The school has an electrical fire system which is regularly checked by an approved contractor.First aidThe school aims to have at least 4 members of staff who have all attended a 3 day first aid course and where possible to have all other members of staff attend a 1 day training. First aid should be carried out when necessary by a qualified first aider but it should not prevent someone helping if the situation requires. A list of first aiders is situated around the school in places such as first aid room and staff room. It states that all members of staff including supply need to know who the first aiders are. There are first aid kits within school and they are kept up to date by the nominated first aiders.The school also has portable first aid kits for trips and visits away from the school grounds. The policy sates that if a serious incident occurs such as unconsciousness, severe allergic reaction, guess fractures and so on , 999 must be called along with the parents immediately. Food safety It is stated in the policy that before any food handling by the children raise happen that written permission must be given from the parent/carer. The school has a no nut policy. When doing a food activity, the school highlights that the children need to be taught basic safe food handling and procedures.The children are encouraged to do the following wash their hands, tie back their hair and remove watches etc. to remember not to touch their faces while working with food wear aprons wash hands at the end of the activity work in small closely supervised groups Food hygiene standards must be followed to ensure that food is stored correctly and that the guidelines within the policy are fol lowed. Helpers in classrooms The school welcomes parent helpers to help with all aspects of school like and to assist the teacher where necessary.They must be willing to pass on their details so that security checks arse be carried out to maintain the safety and security if the children within the school. At each time on visiting the building they must sign in and out and wear the correct badge that is always visible. Any helper must ensure that they report to the class teacher anything they deem to be inappropriate or unsafe. PE Safety Children are required to dress appropriately according to the dress code specified for indoor and outdoor PE.The children are also expected to abide by the rules, some of these are as follows no running unless instructed to do sochildren must participate in the warm up and self-possessed down session children are able to use the apparatus under close supervision mats are to be carried by 4 children the children will have the clear STOP procedure and obey when told by the teacher, this consist of STOP said by the teacher with a hand signal and then all children will sit on the floor. The policy also sates that teachers will dress appropriately for sport and wear sensiblee footwear when teaching PE. Playtimes concord to the policy, there will always be 1 teacher and 1 teaching assistant on duty for playtime.They are to ensure they stand so that they have the best view of all of the playground so that the children are monitored carefully. Any accidents that happen will be dealt with by a first aider. put on the line assessment The risk assessment record is held in the school office. They are carried out by the headteacher, health and safety co-ordinator and the group organiser of an off site activity. The risk assessment outlines any potential hazards, who could be affected and how, and also the measures needed to take place in order the make the activity as safe as possible.Road safety The school aims to develop and promote road safety to its pupils. Children are encourage d to use the school crossing guard and other pedestrian crossing available. The children at school are never allowed to leave school on their own unless written consent from the parent has been codd. All children must be collected from school at the end of the day by a responsible adult or a nominated honest-to-god sibling. Children are advised about the dangers of not wearing a seatbelt in the car and are asked to remind others to do so.Technology safetyThe policy states that a safe and controlled purlieu must be available for children to use the internet and computers safely. It is the staff responsibility to ensure that children are taught to use the equipment correctly and carefully supervised throughout. This policy also refers to children using equipment relating to design technology and the tools that they may be required to use for a specific project. Again all tools mus be stored safely, the children must receive precis e instructions on how to use the equipment provided and be closely monitored throughout.Learning valuesAt St Lukes school the children learn through out the school day using the following learning values1. Faith in me. 2. Spirituality 3. Interdependence 4. Creativity 5. ThinkingThe school states that this policy is designed to enable the school to run efficiently and be able to assist the pupils learn effectively.

Academic Challenges and Professional Goals

Please explain any faculty member and/or professional intents you hold up effected for yourself and your efforts to accomplish these goals. Describe with examples of your leadership experience, in or out of school/college in which you significantly influenced others, helped resolve disputes, or contri notwithstandinged to group effortsWhen I started college, my goal was to assemble a major and stick with it until I was finished Well I have halfway done that. I completed my undergraduate with honors in elementary Education sticking with it until after student teaching, graduation, and certification. However, upon completion I realized that while I love children and teaching I cannot be stuck inside a building all day.Therefore, after completing my bachelors in December of 2012 I decided it was cartridge holder to enroll at Southwestern Oklahoma State University and admit a graduate degree in Sports Management. My goal as an educator was to be the topper motivator and encourage r I could be and I feel that I can also carry these goals over into sports management. With my ultimate professional goal to become an Inter collegiate Rodeo Coach. In an effort to complete this goal I chose a college in which I had heard spectacular things about the rodeo coach and the program thus, choosing SWOSU.As a student at SWOSU its my goal to do my very best in every class receiving an A if possible. My goal is to show future employers that I am dedicated and I always do my best. At SWOSU I have been helping at rough stock practice in an effort to learn both sides of the arena. I have also chosen electives that I feel will help my students mentally prepare for competition. Last year and this coming year I will serve as the Central Plains tail end Tying Director. Serving as director I have studied the rule-book thoroughly with an effort to be prepared to the paperwork side of being a collegiate coach. I have worked hard to establish myself as a fierce competitor, potential coach and professional clinician. I have done this through benignant the 2012 CNFR Reserve Champion Cowgirl title through hard work and a tight balance between school and practice.As a clinician I have took control of my own success making phone calls and raising money to put on many Pro bono clinics for organizations such as Range Riders callowness organization, Cal Farleys Boys Ranch, and rodeo bible camps. At these camps and clinics I have the chance to become an established leader and role model in many of these kids lives. I make it my level best priority to keep in touch with many of these kids through email.Many of these students send me videos to critique and ask advice on questions both inside and outside of the arena. I am also the current Fellowship of Christian Cowboys-Rodeo Bible Camp Womans Timed Event Coordinator. This means that I work to find clinicians to volunteer at more than 25 rodeo bible camps across the country in which I must find at least twelve women f or each. Doing this has allowed me to meet some great people in which I have been able to lead in educating students in rodeo and a relationship with Christ.Please describe the close significant academic or personal quarrel you have faced. Discuss the steps you have taken to address this challenge and what you have learned about yourself during the processThe most personal challenge I have faced is not necessary your typical physical adversary, but rather one of the mind, character, and emotions. My most personal challenge has been to overcome pride. Pride in my school work, pride in who I thought I was, and pride in my accomplishments inside the arena. The problem with pride is that it develops a mentality of fierce competition against everyone all the time.The problem with pride is that it becomes self-consuming-a place where no one else but self exists. With my goal to be successful at everything I did, I never made time for anyone else. quite a I was driven by to-do-lists and tight schedules. I have had a hard time overcoming my pride and making time for others. As a Christian I understand that God has commanded us to love your neighbor as yourself, but when somebody is consumed with their goals that doesnt leave much time for loving others. After God humbling me time and time again I finally gave up and allowed Him to be my goal thus, replacing my pride with Him and His will.Pride has been something that has not been easy to overcome and its something I have to overcome daily however, I am not only getting better I am overcoming it Through this process I have learned that I am inherently selfish and I can chop-chop become consumed with my self-goals of being successful. I have learned that success is not being the best in the classroom, arena, or life as the world sees it. Rather success is leaving people with a loving legacy. In the words of Maya Angelou Ive learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made

Airfield lighting

Decennial sensors detect causas of aircraft and there vehicles on the ground. The p personnel casualtyicts from individual lights and sensors ar communicated via FALL and be comprehensively opticized for the operators in the tower through an ALAS. FALL enables the cut backlers to optimize the use of the entire airfield twinkle agreement through flexible control of each segment of the trail, taxiway and apron circuits, every comp match littlent and individual lamp is exactly controllable.As such, FALL provides excellent tools to perform control of aircraft ground movements taxiway routing, Stoppard control, track incursion detection are now available for the operators in the tower. Safety of air commerce movements and number of slots per day are significantly increased with this innovative and reliable control system. Using the power supply series circuit for reliable and high-speed communication between substation and individual lamps, FALL detects and supervises the ac tual experimental condition of each lamp and provides complete detailed information to the operating(a) control station.FALL continuously monitors all lamps controlled via the system and identifies a lamp failure immediately, indicating the exact position of the failed lamp. As a result, the need for regular visual inspections is reduced and overall maintenance performance can be improved. In order to prevent collisions on the re view movement area, CIAO prescribes the implementation of an (Advanced) Surface Movement Guidance and Control System) (A)SMOCKS is a modern control and monitor system for the guidance of aircraft on the ground.The solutions offered by southward Intelligent Traffic Systems Airfield meet all legal and operational requirements in this field of application. Thanks to sophisticated navigational aids for air traffic control, aircraft can take off and land under almost all weather conditions. However, when traffic on the ground is lowed tear down, high-volume airborne operations are ensnare in Jeopardy Visibility conditions of less than mm world-widely delay aircraft ground movements and reduce the total capacity of the airport.SUMS identifies each aircraft, provides continuous surveillance and monitoring of taxiing traffic determines conflict-free taxiway routes automatically and uses visual signals to guide aircraft and vehicles reliably. And in case of route deviations, it warns pilots or drivers immediately. The comprehensive SMOCKS control and monitoring functionality provides controllers with tools to enhance airport safety, talent and availability under all visibility conditions.Tower ALAS Airfield Lighting Control and Monitoring Systems Airfield Lighting Control Systems (ALAS) allow air traffic controllers (TACT) to monitor and operate a range of excitation functions from the control tower, at the same time providing them with valuable feedback on the performance status of system lighting equipment. Surface Movement Guidance and Control System CIAO has specified the provision of (advanced) surface movement guidance and control systems (A-)SMOCKS to avoid collisions on the ground. sec/DAB is doing its part to help airports to fulfill these requirements.In the late asses the problems of transition from the new precision radio shaft draw close aids to the final, visual approach at night or in reduced visibility much exercised civil aviation. Various high- enthusiasm approach lighting systems were developed to ease the transition from instrument to visual flight. In 1949 three competing systems a British one (the Calvert system), a French one (a form of dis laid Calvert system) and an American one (the Slope Line system) were presented to CIAO. Because each system had its supporters among the CIAO members, CIAO ended up recommending that any of the three systems could be adopted.Independently, and out front the CIAO decision, DACCA engineers had also been studying the problem of approach lighting and had concluded that the British Calvert system was superior. A trial installation was installed on Sessions Runway 08 toward the end of 1951. This trial proved successful and the system was commissioned for operational use in 1953. The following information about the Calvert cross bar lighting system is based on an article High Intensity approach Lighting by S W Hart (DACCA Sectional Airways Engineer) which appeared in the Civil Aviation Joanna, the Dacca house publication, Volvo 1, No 3, March 1951.In 1946 Mr. E S Calvert of the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Breakthrough, was requested by a UK Ministry of Civil Aviation Airfield Lighting Committee to investigate the problem of approach lighting and establish the general principles involved. Calvert tackled the problem by attempting to ascertain the visual and mental processes by which a pilot lands an aircraft. He then developed a theoretical model by which different lighting systems could be compared, and tested his theoretical re sults using simulation.Culverts line of reasoning led him to the conclusion that to provide smooth transition room instrument to visual flying without optical illusions, and to provide sensitive and natural indications which could easily be interpreted by the average pilot, the approach lighting pattern should lie in of a centre line of light with horizontal bars basic elements a line of lights leading to the runway threshold, and horizontal lights to define the attitude of the aircraft. Calvert placed much stress on roll guidance compared with the Americans who, up to that time, had completely neglected it.He was the first to realism that it was easy to confuse lateral displacement with weight down of ann.. The Calvert system does not evince a defined coast path, but the widths of the horizon bars are such that, if a pilot maintains a glide that will take him to the correct touch down point, each bar will appear to be the same width as the previous one as it disappears under th e nose of the aircraft. Distance is indicated by using single lights in the centre line to indicate gram Ft or less from the threshold, double lights for 1000-2000 Ft and triple lights for 2000-3000 Ft.It is interesting to note that the basic form of the Calvert cross bar lighting system still forms the basis for high- fervency approach lighting systems today. Diagrams above With horizon bars the pilot can see if he is on an even keel (left) or banked right wing down to turn on to the centre line (right). Below A modified form of the basic High Intensity admittance Lighting system is apply on some capital city precision approach (ILLS) runways, in this case on Melbourne/Utilitarians Runway 27.The main difference is the larger array of lights safe prior to the threshold. Runway Edge Lights are used to outline the edges of runways during periods of darkness or restricted visibility conditions. These light systems are classified according to the intensity they are capable of produ cing High Intensity Runway Lights (HIRE) metier Intensity Runway Lights (MARL) Low Intensity Runway Lights (LIRA) The HIRE and MARL systems have variable intensity controls, whereas the Liars normally have one intensity regulateting.Runway Edge Lights are white, except on instrument runways where yellow replaces white on the last 2,000 feet or half the runway length, whichever is less, to form a caution zone for landings. The lights marking the ends of the runway emit red light toward the runway to indicate the end of runway to a departing aircraft and emit green outward from the runway end to indicate the threshold to landing aircraft. Lighting ( discharge) or pilot program Activated Lighting (PAL), is a good system by which aircraft pilots can control the lighting of an airport or airfields, approach lights, runway edge lights, and taxiways via radio.PC systems are most common at non- towered or little-used airfields where it is not economical to light the runways all night e very night nor to maintain staff to turn the runway lighting on and off as needed. PC enables pilots to control the lighting only when they require it, thereby saving electricity and reducing light pollution. If the airfield supports PC, the pilot test the radio to the ARC frequency for the airport, which is often, but not always, the same as the UNISOM/ACTA frequency (e. . Smiths Falls-Montague Airport hosts separate Unisom and ARC frequencies). The systems are then typically operated by performing a series of clicks with the radio microphone talk button. PC systems most often have three settings Low intensity Three clicks within seven seconds Medium intensity Five clicks within seven seconds High intensity Seven clicks within seven seconds When the lighting system is activated, a 15-minute countdown starts, after which the sights turn off.While the lights are still active, whenever a lighting command is issued, whether it changes the lighting intensity or not, the 15-minute countd own is reset. At some airfields, special lights may blink for ten seconds to warn pilots before the lights shut off. When using PC, it is very highly recommended that aircraft on final approach to the airfield issue a fresh lighting command even if the lights are already on (especially if the lights were activated by another aircraft). This is so that the lighting does not go off by surprise at a faultfinding moment (such as when crossing he runway threshold).The Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASS) is a system of lights on the side of an airport runway that provides visual descent guidance information during the approach to a runway. These lights may be visible from up to eight kilometers (five miles) during the day and up to 32 kilometers (20 miles) or more at night. Contents hide 1 Types 1. 1 Standard VASS 1. 2 API (Precision Approach Path Indicator) 1. 3 PASS (Pulsating Visual Approach Slope Indicator) 1. 4 Trio-colored VASS 2 Mnemonics 3 Reference 4 See also 5 External links edit Types Standard Visual Approach Slope IndicatorBasic visual approach position indicators consist of two sets of lights. One set marks the start of the runway, while the other is set up some seven meters (twenty feet) along the runway. Each set of lights is designed so that the lights appear as either white or red, depending on the angle at which the lights are viewed. When the pilot is approaching the lights at the puritanical angle, meaning he is on the glide sky, the first set of lights appears white and the second set appears red.When both sets appear white, he is flying too high, and when both appear red he is flying too low. This is the cost common type of visual approach slope indicator system. edit API (Precision Approach Path Indicator) chief(prenominal) article Precision Approach Path Indicator Precision Approach Path Indicator consist of four sets of lights in a line orthogonal to the runway, usually mounted to the left side of the runway. These have a similar p urpose to basic visual approach slope indicators, but the additional lights manage to show the pilot how far off the glide slope the aircraft is.When the lights show etiolate- sporting-Red-Red the aircraft is on the correct glide slope for landing, usually 3. 00. Three red lights (White-Red-Red-Red) indicate that the aircraft is slightly below glide slope (2. 80), while four red lights (Red-Red-Red-Red) indicate that the aircraft is significantly below glide slope (3. 50). Most large airports employ this system. Although most airports use a API based on a 3. 00 glide slope, some airports may use a glide slope as majuscule as 4. 50 in order to have proper obstruction clearance. Edit PASS (Pulsating Visual Approach Slope Indicator) This is a single light next to the runway. The signal format is solid white when established on the proper descent profile, and solid red when below the proper scent profile. An actively pulsing red or white light when well above or well below allows t he pilot to determine his position in the signal format and what disciplinary action is needed to return to the proper descent profile. edit Trio-colored VASS This is a single light that appears amber above the glide slope, green on the glide slope and red below it.It is rarely used, partly because pilots who are unfamiliar with them have been known to misinterpret the lights, causing them to correct in the wrong direction. edit Mnemonics Older Visual Approach Slope Indicator Pilots often use mnemonics to help them remember basic information. In English, the following are common Red over white, youre all right. White over white, youre out of sight. Alternative White over white, youll fly all night. Alternative White over white, youre high as a kite. Alternative White over white, you remain in flight. Red over red, youre dead.Alternative Red over red, watch your head. Also Red red youre dead Red and white youre exquisitely White and white youre as high as a kite Runway End Identifi er Lights (REEL) are installed at many airports to provide rapid and haughty identification of the approach end of a particular runway. The system consists of a pair of synchronized flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold. Reels may be either unidirectional or unidirectional facing the approach area. They are effective for Identification of a runway surrounded by a preponderance of other lighting.Identification of a runway which lacks contrast with surrounding terrain. Identification of a runway during reduced visibility. An approach lighting system, or ALLS, is a lighting system installed on the approach end of an airport runway and consists of a series of lighters, strobe lights, or a ambition of the two that extends outward from the runway end. ALLS usually serves a runway that has an instrument approach procedure (PAP) associated with it and allows the pilot to visually identify the runway environment once he or she has arrived at a prescribed po int on an approach.The runway lighting is controlled by the air traffic control tower. At uncontrolled airports, Pilot Controlled Lighting may be installed which can be switched on by the pilot via radio. In both cases, the brightness of the lights can be adjusted for day and night operations. A key ingredient of all Approach Lighting Systems in the US is the termination Bar. The Decision Bar is always located 1000 from the threshold, and it serves as a visible horizon to ease the transition from instrument flight to visual flight.It also is situated such that at Decision Altitude, the Decision Bar is Just appearing to pass under the cowling of the plane. Approach Light Systems are designed such that they allow the pilot to quickly and positively identify visibility distances in Instrument meteorological conditions. For example, if the aircraft is at the Middle Marker, and the Middle Marker is located 3600 from the threshold, the Decision Bar is 2600 ahead. If the reoccurred calls for at least 1/2 statute mile flight visibility (roughly 2600), spotting the Decision Bar at the marker would indicate enough flight visibility to expect the procedure.In addition, the compendiouser bars before and after the Decision Bar are spaced either 100 or 200 apart depending on the ALLS type. The number of short bars the pilot can see can be used to determine flight visibility. Approaches with lower minimums use the more precision 100 spatial arrangement systems for more accurate identification of visibility. Several ALLS configurations are recognized by the International Civil Aviation Organization (CIAO) however, non-standard ALLS

Hamlet Love for Ophelia

small towns Love For Ophelia Although the play Hamlet was written nearly 450 old age ago by William Shakespeare, scholars still pose the question, Did Hamlet really love Ophelia? I believe Hamlet had feelings for Ophelia, but he never demonstrated uncoiled love for her. Several durations in the play Hamlet denies his love for Ophelia. If he truly loved her, he would non want to hurt her. When Hamlet accidently killed Polonius, he did non try to console Ophelia. If he truly loved her, he would have been at her side to provide comfort in her time of grief.Even at Ophelias funeral, he did not profess his love for Ophelia. If he truly loved her, he would have proclaimed his love for her to those present at the funeral. Hamlets actions prove that he didnt have true love for Ophelia. The first time Hamlet denies his love for Ophelia is in Act triad Scene I. Hamlet declares I did love you once after Ophelia has broken up with him. Ophelia replies Indeed my lord you made me believe s o. Hamlet then pronounces, You should not have believed me. This demonstrates that Hamlet really did not love Ophelia.He continues on to say his lack of feelings for her, I give you this plague of dowry be thou uncorrupted as ice, as pure as snow, thou shall not escape calumny. He tells her to go away or he willing destroy her good name. Although he might just be spewing words of bitterness because Ophelia has ended their relationship, if he really cared for her he would not want to slander her reputation. His lack come to for her virtuous character supports the argument that he does not truly love Ophelia.In Act III Scene IV Hamlet accidently slays Polonius. After doing so he feels no remorse and announces, Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell. I took thee for thy better. He believes Polonius got what he deserved. His lack of remorse for killing Ophelias father show he is not concerned with her feelings. Rather than feeling saddened by this unfortunate event, Haml et takes delight in the fact that he has killed an eavesdropper who should not have been in the room listening to a private conversation.Not all is he pleased with the fact he has killed Polonius, but he also hides the body so there can be no proper burial for Polonius. If he truly loved Ophelia, he would want to express sorrow for her loss and support her through her grief. The death of Ophelias father causes her to go mad and she never recovers from the loss. Ultimately, she drowns in the brook, possibly committing suicide. Hamlet never goes to Ophelia to comfort her even though her actions indicate she is loosing her sanity.He leaves for England, at the urging of Claudius, preferably than stay in Denmark where he could have monitored the health of Ophelia. If Hamlet truly loved Ophelia, he would have been there for her in her time of need. In the nett act Hamlet is at the graveyard when he learns of Ophelias death. He is dissertation with a gravedigger when Claudius enters w ith Gertrude, Laertes, a priest, mourners and a coffin. Hamlet hears Laertes voice and realizes he is speaking of Ophelia and it is her funeral. Hamlet enters the scene and jumps into Ophelias grave.Laertes proclaims The devil take thy soul, and he grapples with Hamlet. It is at this point Hamlet declares his love for Ophelia. I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers could not with all their quantity of love make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her? Hamlet only expresses his love for Ophelia after fighting with Laertes. He is attempt to out do Laertes with his show of emotion. Even his mother is not convinced of his true love. She states, This is mere madness. In other words she is saying this too shall pass.Hamlet will get over Ophelias death. If he truly loved Ophelia, he would have grieved longer over her death. His display of emotion at the graveyard was only in response to the grief of Laertes and not a true love for Ophelia. If Hamlet had truly loved Ophelia, his actions w ould have demonstrated his true feelings. Instead he only professed his love for Ophelia when it was convenient for him. He used her for his gains and did not really show compassion for her. Even in her death he did not express genuine love for her.