Rhetoric and Copper Rivets Essay Example for Free

Rhetoric and Copper Rivets EssayLevis have been very popular for galore(postnominal) years, and their target audiences are young people and blue-collar workers. In the ad image, it also shows clearly about how it is strong by emphasizing the copper rivets which is a part of important elements for Levis jeans for making it much tough and rugged. Therefore, the intended audiences will be blue-collar workers and people who like to have long unchangeable clothing.Question What do you see as the writers purpose? To explain? Inform? Anger? Persuade? Amuse? Motivate? Sadden? shout? Is there more than one purpose? Does the purpose shift at all throughout the text?Of course, the writer wants to sell Levis products to the readers by cover the advantages of Levis jeans such as emphasizing the copper rivets and having a good concept of design image which showing the copper material of the rivets and that persons right hand surgical plate by using X-ray. Overall, the writer just keeps selling Levis products functions and usability.Question Can you identify the rhetorical appeals as of this piece of writing (ethos, logos, pathos)? What would you add or omit to make the rhetorical appeals more effective?Ethos Levis is a famous brand in the humanness because their products are tough, rugged and dependable since 1853, and they have kept designing different styles of jeans and clothes.Logos The logo is recognizable by using red. The image shows the jean is using copper rivets which use same or similar material as the right hands surgical plate and make the pockets to be more rugged and dependable.Pathos Levis has tried to keep making and improving different types and styles of their products which adopt different kinds and ages of people. Also, their tough, rugged and dependable products show the power, energy and drag to people.

Education System Essay Example for Free

Education System EssayThe education system of India is very old. It has started from the ancient times. The Vedas, puranas, ayurveda, yoga match virtually forms of education. There are evidences of imparting formal education in ancient India under the Gurukul system. Under the Gurukul system, young boys who were passing through the Brahmacharya stage of demeanor had to stay at the Guru or the teachers home and complete their education.Earlier women and people of lower castes didnt have a right to educate themselves. But Jainism, Buddhism and Sufi movements had some liberating effects. The Britishers can be credited for bringing a revolution in the Indian education system because it is the English language and the reformation movements of the 19th degree Celsius that had the most liberating effect in pre-independent India. India Education Present ConditionAfter independence, making education available to all had become a priority for the government.As discrimination on the ba sis of caste and gender has been a major impediment in the healthy development of the Indian society, they have been made sinful by the Indian constitution. The 86th constitutional amendment has also made elementary education a fundamental right for the children between the age group- 6 to 14.According to the 2001 census, be literacy rate 65.38%.The female literacy rate 54.16%.Only 59.4% of rural population is literate as against 80.3% urban population according to the 2001 census.Read morehttp//www.ukessays.com/essays/education/education-system-of-india.phpixzz2KBxKSaq0

How To Reduce Drug Trafficking In The US Criminology Essay

How To Reduce dose Trafficking In The US Criminology EssayI would like to say that this paper shows the point of view of total drug ban supporters, provides a history of drug policies pursued by the unite States, and puts forwards arguments against the softer (less restrictive) policies, commonly referred to as legalization of drugs, while as a main argument against the last is considered negative global experience with such permitted by right mind-bending substances such as alcohol and tobacco. Also the paper was written with an aim to show how funds that are physical exercised to fight drug trafficking would be better used if we would channel the funds to duty tour and rehabilitation programs which should alleviate the need for misbranded drugs in the United States. In the end of the paper we stop that only strong public constitution, int stop to disregard harm through the prevention of drug abuse can achieve successes.Recent trends in the U.S. policy towards the consu mption of psychoactive substances are discussed in the context of the history of drug policy in the country. Restrictive policy in this area serves as a deterrent consumption of such substances, and helps write out social problems and costs associated with them. Legalization or decriminalization of drugs could mitigate some of the legal consequences of their use, but the growth of their use would lead to harmful consequences.Recent discussions on how to achieve success in solving problems related to drug use in the U.S. are concentrated virtually the two opposing models of politics. Proponents of one of these concepts, generally known as the prohibition, support the expansion of measures to ban them, as well as implementation of curative and preventive programs. Proponents of the opposite point of view, defined as the legalization, insisting on the abolition of restrictive policies on drugs and psychotropic substances, at the same time seeking methods to reduce the harmful consequ ences associated with their non-medical use. Knowledge of the history of drug policy in the United States would consider the subject of debate and the positions of its members in a more complete and impersonal context.Lets discuss historical context of the problem that go away help us to plunge into the problem of this paper with more details. Musto (1987) demonstrated that the history of modern politics, aimed at the prohibition of drugs, has its roots in the XIX carbon, when the pharmaceutical industry has begun to develop and produce powerful and addictive substances. One of them was heroin, which in the United States commencement exercise went on sale in 1898. These substances are sold as the most common items, along with a popular novel drink Coca-Cola, which was part of the cocain. At that time, doctors freely gave to their patients prescriptions for drugs that cause addiction. So, a fairly large group of people with dependence on psychoactive substances designated for medical purposes, or drug addicts on the prescription was formed. Drugs such as cocaine, originally used for medical prescriptions were legal. Drug use quickly spread among the population, gaining compulsive character, accompanied by illegal activities in order to watch over a non-medical use and continuing despite the obvious negative health and social consequences.Dupont and Voth (1995) stated that this period of chaotic sale and use of addictive substances ended in the first two decades of the XX century, when a new social contract embodied in the Act on the promise of Food and Drug Administration was adopted in 1906. This Act provided compulsory indication of drugs composition. Harrison Drug Act banned the drugs trade was adopted somewhat later in 1914. Volstead Act, together with the Eighteenth amendment was added to the Constitution of the United States in 1919, banned the selling of alcohol.In the United States, these laws were part of a broader movement for reform, which also called for granting voting rights to women.In accordance with this new social contract addictive drugs became inaccessible, save cases when they were appointed by doctors, and even then they were used exclusively for the treatment of diseases which will not embroil a painful addiction to these substances. In 1933, an alcohol was excluded from the list of strictly controlled or banned substances. In 1937, marijuana was added to the list of banned substances because of the sudden make up in the number of its users. This epidemic of drug abuse started in the last decade of the XIX century with morphine and heroin and ended in the first decade of the twentieth century with a sharp rise in cocaine consumption.According to Horgan (1993), it is necessary to mention that Social Contract that restricts the use of psychoactive substances, has brought considerable benefits to the country, nearly putting an end to the epidemic of drug abuse. During the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, the U.S. laws on the control of drug trafficking provides a model for similar regulation in many countries. In the period from 1920 to 1965 in the United States sharply reduced addictive consumption of psychoactive substances, which at the end of the XIX century were used freely and uncontrollably.Analyzing historical facts we could say that solid and steady success of this policy against psychoactive substance abuse lulled our vigilance. Social and political figures in the United States have forgotten the tragic consequences of the widespread use of psychoactive substances. An old epidemic of drug abuse in the country left in the memory board of the little amount of the U.S. citizens to 1960. The majority of American population knows virtually drug abuse tragedy except by hearsay. Strict prohibition of psychoactive substances, except alcohol, was widely recognized until drugs were not implicated in the range of the rising youth culture as one of the key elements of a new lifestyle.Marijuana, hallucinogens and cocaine received widely used definition of minimally addictive or light drugs. Exactly they focused on itself calls for legalization, which justify unsubstantiated allegations, that these drugs are no worse than alcohol and tobacco. Nowadays serious problems of the past (and present) time related both to the deteriorating health problems and the development of psychoactive substances addiction, which are a consequence of cocaine and marijuana use are known. Extensive data research on the harmful effects of many drugs substances indicate how society has been misled in the 1960s. These effects include development of drug addiction, traffic injuries, illnesses, suicides, and adverse effects of psychoactive substances on the human organism.In the next part of this paper it is necessary to return to the modern-day reality and I would like to begin this section with Barack Obamas words quoting taking from his appeal to the Congress of the United States. According to 2010 content strategy we know that the 2010 study Drug Control Strategy was developed by ONDCP with input from Federal, State, and local partners. It provides a collaborative and balanced approach that emphasizes community-based prevention, desegregation of evidence-based treatment into the healthcare system, innovations in the criminal jurist system, and international partnerships to disrupt drug trafficking organizations. Basing on this fact Barack Obama said that I am committed to restoring balance in our efforts to combat the drug problems that plague our communities. Drug use endangers the health and safety of every(prenominal) American, depletes financial and human resources, and deadens the spirit of many of our communities. While I am proud of the new direction described here, a well-crafted strategy is only as successful as its implementation. To succeed, we will need to rely on the hard work, dedication, and perseverance of every concerned Americ an.Discussing the National Drug Control Strategy we see that it emphasizes cooperative and balanced approach with emphasis on preventive work in the region, the integration of evidence-based treatment in general health care system, innovations in the criminal justice system to break the cycle of addiction and crime, and creating international partnerships to stop the activities of transnational organizations involved in drug trafficking.The 2010 National Drug Control Strategy was developed on the base of public discussions and necessary documents in this area. Director of National Drug Control Policy has met with police and doctors, representatives of organizations involved in treatment of drug addicts and people recovering from treatment, elected officials and officers from correctional establishments, scholars and groups of parents, religious leaders and others. The point of reference process identified a number of important topics that link the drug problem with the main politic al priorities of the administration, including the economy, healthcare reform, youth development, public safety, military, veterans issues and international relations.adoptive drug control strategy allows funds that are used to fight drug trafficking implement in directions of preventive and rehabilitation programs which should alleviate the need for illegal drugs in the United States. In acknowledgement of these words I would like to show real facts taken from the FY 2011 Budget Summary and according to it we see The Presidents fiscal Year (FY) 2011 National Drug Control Budget requests $15.5 billion to reduce drug use and its consequences in the United States. This represents an increase of $521.1 million (3.5 percent) over the FY 2010 enacted train of $15.0 billion. These resources are categorized around five major functions (1) Substance Abuse Prevention, (2) Substance Abuse Treatment, (3) Domestic Law Enforcement, (4) Interdiction, and (5) International Support.The 2010 Nation al Drug Control Strategy sets the five-year goal of reducing drug use and its consequences. This Strategy is going toreduce drug use among youth by 15 percentreduce drug use among young adults by 10 percentreduce the number of chronic drug users by 15 percentreduce fatality rate drug use by 15 percent, andreduce the incidence of driving under the influence of drugs at 10 percent.In addition, the strategy outlines three meaningful problems with drug addiction, which the administration will focus this year the abuse of prescription drugs, driving under the influence of drugs and drug prevention. Abuse of prescription drugs in the U.S. is the fastest-growing narcotic problem, which in recent years has resulted in significant overdose. Driving under the influence of drugs poses a threat to public safety, as evidenced by a recent survey on the roads, found that every sixth driver in the evenings at the weekend gave a positive test result for drugs in the organism. Prevention of drug a buse before its appearance is the best way to protect Americas youth from drugs. In addressing each of these problems, the strategy provides scientifically based, evidence-and a have approach.Elements of the new strategy also includes a concerted effort on how to make it possible to restore to every American who is suffering from drug addiction through an expanding network of community centers to combat drug addiction and develop new drugs and treatments confirmed this dependence. Further support of work of law enforcement authorities, criminal justice system, suppression of drug trafficking and drug production in the country, work with partners on decline of the global drug trade, and innovative public programs, such as the courts about the drugs, play a major role in reduction of drugs consumption and its consequences in America.Thus, taking into account above discussed information it is possible to conclude that the current drug policy reduces the level of their consumption a nd makes its consequences less severe. On my opinion, the United States chose the right way for healthy nation and basing on fact that harm reduction is a pragmatic approach to minimize the harmful consequences for the individual and the community associated with drug use, it is understandable that countrys policy and adopted National Drug Control Strategy is also the right direction of development. For the end of the paper I would like to say that I strongly believe in the efficiency of discussed policy and it will lead our nation to success and prosperity.

Infection and Immunology: A Case Study

Infection and Immunology A Case StudyThe presenting symptoms for baton DeWitt were his consecutive infections of sinusitis, otitis media and pneumonia. All of these infections were bacteriuml in nature and as such they were treated successfully with antibiotics. A further physical examination revealed that the child does not have palantine tonsils. This is considered a symptom as he has not had them removed at either point surgically. This implies that he was born without those particular tonsils, which may be characteristic of what is ailing Billy. The final deuce symptoms involve the analysis of Billys blood. The tests showed that the blood contained one-fifth what is considered the regular level for immunoglobulins and also that the concentration of B-lymphocytes was down. The blood tests also showed that the attendality of Billys T-lymphocytes was within standard limits. This means that although the some of the resistant reply is normal, the amount of both immunoglobulins and the B-lymphocytes in the blood serum were low. This suggests that the unhealthiness that Billy has seems to be affecting a special(prenominal) part of his resistant response.The incendiary response is the bodys natural response to tissue damage. The four basic signs for this response atomic number 18 pain, swelling, fever, and lethargy, apathy, and a loss of appetite.There argon two stages to pain. First is the sagacious pain that is caused when you do something such as touch a stove. Its a quick stabbing-like mechanism that tells the brain that you are doing something thats not good and gets you to stop it immediately. The last mentioned type of pain, the type seen with inflamation, is the kind that stays for a long time. It acts as a constant reminder to take better care of the area in order for it to healSwelling is a defensive process created by the body. The sensory nerves react to what is causing the inflamation and causes the blood vessles to become more porous (c ausing redness). This causes the white blood cells to get out to where the problem is and attack any pathogens that are causeing it.Fever is caused by an increase in the hormone prostaglandin E2, which causes the hypothalmus to increase the bodys thermostat.This makes the outside temperature feel colder, causing the body to go through invouluntary actions to increase body heat, such as shivering. Also, most bacteria reproduce the most at normal body temperature, so by increasing the temperature of the body, the bacteria divide less often. This is also convenient because at a higher than normal body temperature, immune cells divide faster.The root cause of the lethargy, apathy, and loss of appetite seen in someone responding from inflammation, is their fever. In order to cause a fever, the body must use up 10-13% more body heat than usual, which requires much more energy. In order to balance the energy budget, sacrifices must be made elsewhere, causing the person in which the infect ion is fixed to be more lazy and tired, because they lack energy.Inflamation and tissue Healing Sportsinjuryclinic.net. Web. 4 Feb. 2010.Quanted, Patrick. The inflammation Process. Web. 4 Feb. 2010.The body is populated by two types of lymphocytes B- and T-lymphocytes. Both types of lymphocytes circulate through the blood and lymph and are concentrated in the spleen, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid tissues. B cells and T cells recognize antigens by means of antigen receptors enter in their plasma membranes. A single B or T cell bcapitulums about 100,000 of these antigen receptors, and all the receptors on a single cell are identical this is, they all recognize the same epitope. In other words, each lymphocyte displays specificity for a particular epitope on an antigen and defends against that antigen or a gloomy deal of closely related antigens.T cells and B cells are the major cellular components of the adaptive immune response. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity w hereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies). The function of T cells and B cells is to recognize specific non-self antigens, during a process know as antigen presentation. at once they have identified an invader, the cells generate specific responses that are tailored to maximally eliminate specific pathogens or pathogen infected cells. B cells respond to pathogens by producing orotund quantities of antibodies which then neutralize unusual objects like bacteria and viruses. In response to pathogens some T cells, called T helper cells, produce cytokines that direct the immune response while other T cells, called cytotoxic T cells, produce toxic granules that induce the death of pathogen infected cells. Following activation, B cells and T cells leave a lasting legacy of the antigens they have encountered, in the form of memory cells. Throughout the lifetime of an animal these memory cells lead remember each specific pathogen encountered, and are able to mount a strong response if the pathogen is detected again.Harding, CV, and L. Ramachandra. Presenting exogenous antigen to T cells. PubMed.gov. U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes ofHealth, Feb. 2010. Web. 10 Feb. 2010.Lee, K, et al. In Vivo neoplasm Suppression Activity by T cell-specific T-bet Restoration. PubMed.gov. U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health, 8 Feb. 2010. Web. 10 Feb. 2010.A person with deficient of B-Cell will have weak immune responses since the B cell are responsible for the primary immune response. This will lead to massive bacterial infection betimes in life during development. Typically respiratory infections such as pneumonia are usually the first sign of these infections. Others are skin infections meningitis, bacteremias and abscesses are also popular when there is a deficiency in B-Cell. The deficiency of B-Cell usually occurs when the child becomes 7-9 years of age. Tonsillar B-Cell is the primar y type of B cell which is produced by the pansil tonsil located in the side of throat. Since Billy lacked the palatine tonsils, the onset of B-Cell problems would therefore occur much early in his life.Issam, Makhoul. Pure B-Cell Disorders. emedicine. Medscape, 4 Nov. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2010.Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviatedIg) are glycoproteins that are found in blood and other bodily fluids of vertebrates. They are used by the immune system to identify and destroy foreign objects (bacteria and viruses). Plasma cells, a kind of white blood cell produce antibodies. Antibodies have a similar structure alone have a small region at the tip of them that allows millions of antibodies with different tip structures and antigen binding sites, to exist. They are Y-shaped with a binding site on each tip of the Y. This region is known as the hypervariable region. There are five classes of antibodies IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. IgG are the most important antibody and also the most common. to each one antibody can bind to a specific antigen using its tip. An antigen is any substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies against it. Antigens can be a foreign substance such as a bacteria, virus, chemical, toxin, or pollen.The large amount of antibodies allows the immune system to recognize many different antigens and act accordingly. The unique part of the antigen recognized by an antibody is called anepitope. Epitopes bind with their antibody in a process calledinduced fit. This allows antibodies to identify and bind only to their specific antigen. Antibodies can also destroy targets by binding to a part of apathogenthat it take to cause aninfection. Antibodies function in different ways designed to eliminate the antigen that caused their production. The binding occurs by noncovalent forces, like between enzymes and their substrate. These bonds include hydrogen bonds, electrostatic bonds, Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic bonds. Whe n a foreign object enters the body for the first time the body can develop symptoms of disease. After the same antigen enters the body again the body develops an immune response to that pathogen. This is the way people avoid certain diseases such as chicken pox more than once.Antigen Presentation. Kimballs Biology Pages. N.p., 30 Aug. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2010.Mayer, Gene. Immunoglobulins Structure and Function. Mircrobiology and Immunology On-line. University of South Carolina develop of Medicine, 6 Nov. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2010.Stevenson, John R. Immunoglobulin Structure and Function. MBI. N.p., 19 Sept. 2008. Web. 10 Feb. 2010.Ten months is the normal age at which babies are weaned. If this is what happened to Billy, then it explains why he was never infected before. Breastfed babies are protected by their own mothers milk. About 80 percent of the cells in a mothers milk are macrophages, which kill bacteria and viruses in the babys body. Not only that, but the mothers milk also co ntains antibodies for whatever disease is present in her environment. This protects the babies from many diseases such as pneumonia, staph infections, and ear infections. Weaning Billy from his mothers milk takes away the only protection from his environment that he has, because his body is incapable of fending for itself, and leaves him defenseless, which causes him to constantly get sick.Williams, Rebecca D. Breastfeeding Best Bet for Babies. vaginal birth Solutions, Inc. Web. 8 Feb. 2010.The palatine tonsils, also referred to as tonsils, are a pair of very elastic tissue masses located at the back of the throat, which is the pharynx. Each of these tonsils is made of tissue that is similar to lymph nodes covered in pink mucosa. The palatine tonsils are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system fights strike major and churl infections. They are the bodys defense against viruses and bacteria by creating antibodies to destroy the bacteria or virus. Medical researchers have studied that when childrens tonsils are removed, they would not suffer the loss in the future with immunity to diseases or the ability to defend off infections. In humans, tonsils vary in size and swell in response to infections. The tonsils are a common site for infections and when they are inflamed, the condition is known as tonsillitis. The surgical procedure of the removal of the tonsils is known as tonsillectomy.tonsil.Encyclopdia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. 10 Feb. 2010Understanding Tonsillitis the Basics. WebMD. N.p., 25 Nov. 2008. Web. 10 Feb. 2010.The fact the Billy had two uncles that died as young children suggests that they have a disease that is linked to the X chromosome. The article separates naught about the childs grandfather having any problems, which means that the disease cannot be on the Y chromosome. The mother is healthy, therefore women are the carriers of the gene and Billys mother passed it onto him. The reason that his mother does not have the disease is because women have two X chromosomes. As long as she has one healthy X chromosome she will not have the disease.The disease that we believe that Billy DeWitt has is X-linked agammaglobulinemia. This disease fits almost all of the symptoms very well. This disease is a genetic disease that is on the X chromosome and it results in the person lacking immunoglobulins because the majority of their B-lymphocytes do not develop properly. This is completely consistent with tests done on the Billys blood serum with his immunoglobulin levels and B-lymphocyte levels both being down. This disease also leaves the T-lymphocytes untouched which matches the results that express the T-lymphocytes in Billys blood were functioning properly. This diagnosis also explains why Billy had bacterial infections as a baby. B-lymphocytes are important in fighting off bacteria and because he did not have as many it makes sense that he would be much more susceptible to those types of disea ses. The only thing that is meagerly inconsistent is the childs lack of palatine tonsils. Symptoms of this disease include lymph nodes like the tonsils as being extremely small because they usually house B-lymphocytes, but it does not say that any patients completely lacked palatine tonsils from the disease. It is possible that they were so small that the doctors missed them because they were so small, or it is just a coincidence that they were never there and it did nothing but augment the disease by taking away a possible place of B-lymphocyte creation.This disease cannot be completely cured because it is genetic but the symptoms can be managed. Billy needs to receive a steady supply of a mixture of immunoglobulins and antibodies for many different diseases. This will allow him to entertain his immune system at a higher level and allow him to live a pretty normal life. The only thing that really needs to be avoided is any kind of live viral vaccines. People with X-linked agammag lobulinemia tend to contract the viruses that are meant to be prevented from the vaccines because of their weakened immune systems.International Patient organization for Primary Immunodeficiencies. X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia. Immune Defiency Foundation, 2007. PDF file.

Police Brutality: An introduction

natural truth Brutality An introduction practice of law BrutalityTo serve and nurse, is a common phrase that is used among practice of law officers that defines their primary duty as a cop. What once was a powerful nonion, has lost its meaning through time. Instead, its record is now riddled with fortunes involving what is cognise as practice of law brutality along with memor suitable names such as Rodney King, Amadou Diallo, Sean Bell, Timothy doubting Thomas, and Abner Louima just to name a few. The use of excessive host by the police is nonhing newborn, and with so some cases bug out in that respect, it is clear that to serve and protect does non exactly take for to all of law enforcement as it should. Through displays of racial profiling, anywhere assertiveness of power, and everywhereall bad attitude, some individual law enforcement officials have lost the aver and respect of society, making some residential district question how police brutality can be overcomed. jurisprudence brutality is defined as a urbane rights violation that occurs when a police officer acts with excessive force by using an amount of force with regards to a civilian that is more(prenominal) than necessary (Police Brutality, 2008, para. 1). Although individual might argue that it is something that is over exaggerated, there has been proof through audio and videotape footages as well as eye witness accounts that such acts do exist. Take for instance, the infamous Rodney King beating, where George Holliday, a plumbing manager videotaped the scene of law enforcement officials kicking and beating King with metal batons from his bedroom apartment (Linder, 2001). another(prenominal) example is the incident that occurred in Philadelphia, where a news helicopter videotaped four police officers beating three black men (Barker, 2008). Many leave alone charter that police brutality doesnt exist because it is r arely caught on videotape or documented. But if its no t a real problem, then why are there cases and studies done on police brutality? According to Carl Dix, a writer for Black Scholar, mingled with January 1994 and August 1996, at least 100 people died at the hands of the NYPD (1997) . Also, in Chicago alone, there were over 37,000 police brutality complaints from 1984 to 1994 (Dix, 1997). In addition, according to Associated Press, a study done by the Justice Departments self-assurance of Justice Statistics found that over 2,000 criminal suspects died in police custody over a three year period (2007, para. 1). After taking a look at the studies and cases reported on police brutality, one might ask, why do law enforcement officials commit acts of brutality? Are police officers overreacting when their dominance is challenged such as the case involving Rodney King? Or could it be that in some of these cases they are just having a bad day and they are uneffective to separate their personal problems with their job? Although both of th ese answers might be true, a number of cases of police brutality have shown that racial profiling is likewise a reason why police brutality exists. Well known names such as Rodney King, Abner Louima, Timothy Thomas, Amadou Diallo, and Sean Bell are a couple of examples where minorities were disrespected collectable to their race.Brutalities On August 9, 1997, Abner Louima, a Haitian immigrant was beaten and sodomized by Brooklyn cops (Roane, 2001). Abner Louima was arrested for interfering with law enforcement officials as they tried and true breaking up a feud between two women (Hinojosa, 1997). After Louima was put into the patrol car, the police officers began calling him racial names and beating him before taking him to the 70th precinct (Hinojosa, 1997). It was there at the station, that the horrendous event took place. Louima was taken to the bathroom where police officers do him strip down and sodomized him with a plunger (Hinojosa, 1997). Amadou Diallo, an immigrant fro m Guinea, was a 22 year old man who made a living on the sidewalks of lower Manhattan selling random merchandise from a cart to people (Fritsch, 2000). On the night of February 4, 1999, Mr. Diallo was shot 19 propagation out of 41 bullets by four law enforcement officials as he stood unarmed on the stoop of his apartment building in which he divided up with a friend and his two cousins (Fritsch, 2000). policeman Carroll, one of the four police officers said that the reason they all shot at Mr. Diallo was because he was behaving suspiciously and that he fit the description of a serial rapist (Fritsch, 2000). ships officer Carroll also mentioned under cross-examination that he could not see Mr. Diallo to determine his race (Fritsch, 2000). So inIn conclusion, in the dark of the night, Officer Carroll is not able to recognize Amadou Diallos race, but instead claims that he fit the description of a serial rapist. (Fritsch, 2000) Timothy Thomas was 19 years old when he was shot in an a lley. On April 7, 2001, Officer Stephen Roach chased down Timothy Thomas for having 14 warrants on him (Larson, 2004). Officer Roach claimed that he shot Thomas because he thought he was reaching for a gun. (Larson, 2004). No gun was ever found on the carcass of Timothy Thomas (Larson, 2004). After the death of Timothy Thomas, information was found that revealed that his death was just another case of racial profiling. Prior to his death, Timothy Thomas was pulled over 11 times in no more than two months (Larson, 2004). He was cited 21 times, mostly for private road without a seat belt and for driving without a license (Larson, 2004). Although Timothy Thomas consistently skint the law, the question if racial profiling existed here was that why was Thomas being pulled over for not having a license (Larson, 2004)? How can a law enforcement official assume that someone is driving without a license? It was reasonable for Thomas to be pulled over for not wearing a seat belt because a p olice officer is able to notice that if they are looking c draw backly, but it is impossible to discern if someone is driving without a license. (Larson, 2004) Sean Bell is another minority that was involved in a police brutality case where the color of his skin was a factor. On November 25, 2006, Sean Bell was killed outside of a Queens nightclub just hours before his wedding (Bells fiance, 2008). The Queens nightclub was at the time under investigation due to complaints of weapons, drugs, and prostitution (Bells fiance, 2008). The tragedy happened when Bell and his friends were leaving the nightclub. Believing that one of Sean Bells friends was going to grab a gun out of the car because an argument broke out, the detectives called for backup as Bell panicked and began to drive off (Bells fiance, 2008). 50 bullets were then shot at Bells car in what the NYPD called an act of self self-abnegation (Barker, 2008). In the end, no gun was ever found (Bells fiance, 2008). Michael Warre n and Evelyn Warrens incident is no different from any other case involving racial profiling. Michael Warren and his married woman Evelyn were beaten and arrested by law enforcement officials as they tried to stop the police officers from viciously assaulting a young black male (Arinde, 2007). Michael and his wife were charged with obstruction, cloak-and-dagger conduct, and resisting arrest (Arinde, 2007). non all cases involving police brutality has to do with racial profiling, but it is considered as the main reason why it exists though. Sometimes police officers volition over assert their power due to their authoritative figure. It can be argued though that law enforcement officials result sometimes have to use excessive force just to protect themselves and their surroundings. The line is crossed though when the use of excessive force is used when no danger is present. Take for example the case of Audra Harmon, a 38 year old mom mother who was driving her kids children home f rom wrestling practice (Celizic, 2009). According to Mike Celizic, a contributor of TODAYShow.com, Audra Harmon was resting her hand on her cheek as she was driving (Celizic, 2009). Deputy Sean Andrews, who is now under internal investigations, pulled Harmon over thinking she was talking on her cell phone (Celizic, 2009). After Harmon tried proving to Andrews that she was not talking on her cell phone by letting him check her purse, Andrews cited her for speeding instead (Celizic, 2009). Audra Harmon was then put under arrest for acquire out of her car because she wanted proof that she was speeding (Celizic, 2009). Deputy Sean Andrews then crossed the line when he dragged Harmon out of her vehicle and aswhile she was trying to talk to him,him Andrews pulled out his Tasertaser and fired tasered Ms. Harmon in front of her children (Celizic, 2009). For every action, there is a reaction. As police brutality cases convey piling up, peoples views of law enforcement officials get under ones skin to change negatively. Police brutality can and has affected society in a number of different behaviors. It can reveal injustice in law enforcement. For every case that arises in which the police are found guilty of acting out what is deemed as brutality through the unnecessary use of excessive force, people begin to question if the law is really on their side when it comes to their rights. With so many cases where rights have been violated, is there really justice being executed behind the badge? In Audra Harmons case, where Deputy Sean Andrews yanked her out of her car and then shocked Harmon to her knees by a Tasertaser, a number of rights were violated (Celizic, 2009). Audra Harmon would then later file a civil suit against Deputy Sean Andrews for violating her Fourth and 14th Amendment rights which included unreasonable search and unauthorized use of excessive force (Celizic, 2009). In addition, this suit would also include emotional distress, false arrest, assault an d battery and malicious prosecution (Celizic, 2009, para. 26). Police brutality can reveal societys racism. Each and every time a case becomes exposed to the public and race is undeniably a contributing factor, it further reminds society that we as a country still harbor a dirty little secret that has not been, and perhaps never will be completely erased . Timothy Thomas and Amadou Diallo were both two out of many cases where race played a vital role in police actions. Timothy Thomas prior to his death was being pulled over consistently for not driving without a license. How were law enforcement officials aware of Thomas not driving without a license? After receiving 14 warrants, Timothy Thomas would later be chased down and killed for supposedly pulling out a weaponVictimsAmadou Diallo was shot at by 41 bullets and hit 19 times because he was behaving suspiciously and that he fit the description of a serial rapist (Fritsch, 2000). On the stoop of Mr. Diallos apartment building, in the dark of the night, Officer Carroll would later try that he was not able to recognize Mr. Diallos race only that he fit the description of a serial rapist (Fritsch, 2000). After the shooting of Amadou Diallo, over 300 people gathered to confess around the building where Mr. Diallo was shot at. Fourteen people were arrested there, while another fifteen protesters were arrested in Albany (Fritsch, 2000). Police brutality can lead to a difference of trust and respect for law enforcement officials while making society feel less safe. People begin to fear those who are supposed to protect us, while others protest in anger. Within 24 hours after Timothy Thomas was shot by Officer Roach, the African-American community exploded on the streets (Larson, 2004). Police officers ran through the streets, firing tear gas and rubber bullets to try to stop the riot (Larson, 2004). The shooting fey off three nights of unrest in which dozens of people were injured and more than 800 were arreste d (Ohio Officer, 2001, para. 7). After the shooting of Amadou Diallo, over 300 people gathered to protest around the building where Mr. Diallo was shot at (Fritsch, 2000). Fourteen people were arrested there, while another fifteen protesters were arrested in Albany (Fritsch, 2000). Continuing their tradition sinceSince October 22, 1996, potassiums of protesters have marched every year for the National Day of Protest to Stop Police Brutality, Repression, and the Criminalization of a Generation. From all across the United States, in cities such as Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Minneapolis, stark naked York City, and Seattle, the coalition aim to fight against police brutality by marching in cities protesting (National day of protest, 2007). Henry David Thoreau once said, There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root (as cited in Herman, 2007, para. 1). The same principle can be applied to what Thoreau once said for how police brutality can be r educed. Many people have filed claims and lawsuits, but for some reason, this solution has not worked effectively in the past. On the other hand, some reports have not been filed due to a scare in retaliation (Police brutality facts, 2006). In New York, critics say that complaints against police brutality were down because people have given up (Lacayo Benson, 1997). And despite more than 16,000 complaints against New York cops since 1993, only 180 officers have been disciplined, most of them with just a lecture or the loss of a vacation day (Lacayo Benson, 1997, para. 2). So byBy what effective means is there to resolve police brutality? Some options are to police the police, where the local community should be able to have some oversight of the police. In addition, the local community as well as law enforcement officials must lose the us vs. them mentality. We should be working together to fight crime, not against each other. And if the local community isnt able to have some over sight of the police where they are able to monitor them a higher authority must be set in place to be able to oversee the operations of law enforcement officials. A suggestion has also been made to hire more ethnic minorities (Policing the police, 1997). Whatever the remedy is, something has to give where it is written in stone that police brutality will not be tolerated. (Policing the police, 1997) Since the 1990s, several police departments that have had a reputation of having bad apples working in their department, have begun to show improvement (Lacayo Benson, 1997). Their solution to reduce the amount of police brutality cases was by providing effective police training, installing a higher authority, and developing better relations with the local community (Lacayo Benson, 1997). Not only has their solution eliminated the us vs. them mentality, but it also sent out a clear message that police brutality would not be tolerated. (Lacayo Benson, 1997) The Los Angeles Police Depar tment has also shown effective progress in reducing police brutality by hiring more ethnic minorities (Lacayo Benson, 1997). Its percentage of white officers has decreased from 61.3% in March 91 to 50% in July 97, producing a rank and file less likely to see a minority community as a hostile planet (Lacayo Benson, 1997, para. 4). In addition, they have hired more female police officers with an increase of about 4% (Lacayo Benson, 1997). Studies have shown that female law enforcement officials are less prone to abusive behavior (Lacayo Benson, 1997). To top it all off, the city also swore in an African-American veteran of the police department as their new police chief (Lacayo Benson, 1997). Another solution to resolve the issue of police brutality was by taking a look at the civilian civilian review Review boardBoard. In short, a civilian review board allows civilians to have the power and the opportunity in reviewing investigations of complaints against law enforcement officia ls. Civilian review boards gum olibanum hold police officers accountable for police misconduct. The problem is when a civilian review board is made up of a majority of former members of law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and lawyers such as the one in New York (Lacayo Benson, 1997). The only way to resolve this issue would be to take out those who may be bleached to the complaints. (Lacayo Benson, 1997) Law enforcement officials need to be held accountable for their actions just like ordinary citizens who break the law. They can only be held accountable by having public officials denouncing police brutality related incidents. It must not be covered up. Putting putting a blanket over a problem will not make it the problem go away. Law enforcement officials have been known to cover up their tracks making it hard to document cases of police brutality. This is also known as the blue wall of silence. The blue wall of silence is defined as the secrecy of police officers who lie o r look the other way to protect other police officers (Blue wall of silence, 2009, para. 1). The blue wall of silence enables cops to murder without being punished (Tatum, 2000). The blue wall of silence therefore not only prevents victims from getting justice, but it also destroys the image of law enforcement officials. The only way to break this blue wall of silence would be to appoint a higher authority to oversee the bad apples in the department. By covering up another law enforcements tracks, and looking the other way, police officers begin to lose the trust and respect of society. (Tatum, 2000) It has been made clear that there are many proposed solutions to stop police brutality. The answer then is to not just rely on only one remedy, but a combination of solutions to effectively reduce police brutality. All in all, police brutality must not be tolerated. Its reasonable to argue that in certain situations, cops will need to exercise the use of force to not only protect them, but to also protect their surroundings. However, it becomes a real problem that begs a real solution when they go beyond the badge and execute their authority in rogue manner, putting them above the law. Police brutality is a problem that still exists and will exist until an effective solution is implemented and the police are strictly held accountable for their actions. Until then, more and more people will continue to lose their trust and respect for the men in blue while many others will continue to be victimized.

War :: essays research papers

"The 20th century has been dominated by the machine gun,the tank, the B-52 bomber, the nuclear bomb and, finally,the missile. It has been distinguished by the bloodiest andmost destructive wars than those of any other time." Sosaid History professor Hugh Thomas and he certainly knewwhat he was talking about. Since the beginning of thecentury, men have been at war for different reasons that tome do not justify the aftermath of war. Negative effects onsoldiers, suffering children and affected countries are partof the aftermath that makes war a horrible and below the belt thing.All the soldiers involved actively in any war come homewith negative effects. The mental health of these men isaffected because of the strains, tensions and the "kill or bekilled" mentality of the battlefield. Many of them havephysical ailments as a result of the injuries received in battleor the exposure to biological weapons that tamper with themany systems of the body. The quality of their f amily lifesuffers because they have been scared mentally,emotionally and physically therefore their behavior will notbe the same and that affects family life signifi so-and-sotly. some other aftermath of war is the suffering children. Many ofthem experience the painful loss of family members such astheir parents, grand parents, and brothers, whichsometimes leaves them alone in a acid world. In addition,the physical health of the children is affected because ofinjuries, lack of food and medical care. All of this leads toemotional problems that can conflict with the childrensdevelopment and future puff up being.Finally, war can leave lasting repercussions on the countriesthat are involved in it. Due to contamination by biologicalweapons, insufficiency of food, or the crappy administration ofit, hunger appears and people become desperate. Inaddition to this, the economy of the countries involved isaffected because of the great quantities of money beingused for armaments and defense . The effect of this can belong lasting. With all of this comes an increase in disease asa consequence of the biological weapons, the lack ofmoney for medicines, the destruction of vital buildings such

The Methods of Iago in Shakespeares Othello :: Othello essays

The Methods of Iago in Othello         Through out the play of Othello Iago used many techniques to get what he wanted and angiotensin-converting enzyme substance or another he some how all almost eternally got what he wanted. His techniques were that of an everyday sneaky, conniving bad guy, who always got bulk to commit him, but the person that was closest to him. But the main overall techniques he used were 1)He gained the religion of people. Which was the sum unity technique, and from gaining their trust he could branch morose lick that and then he could hold in the people he was playing into thinking that he was on their side even when he might be on the opposite side. Another thing that he could do to people was to, from gaining their trust and making then think that he was on their side he could manipulate them and make them turn on each other. The other technique that he used which didnt nearly play a role as heroic as the fi rst technique but was important was he was always very give careful, in being discovered and by covering his tracks. He knew how to take hold care of things in precarious situation. There was in my own personal opinion one more technique, and that was that he knew how to use all his options and could use his marbles and cunningness.        Iagos number one technique was his ability to make people trust him. He had just about everyone spun in Iagos web. Rodrigo, Othello, Cassio, Desdemona, Emilia, and etc. And he got every one of them to trust him, although he still hadnt got Emilia into his web fully. She still had suspicions about him. He could gain the trust of people as if it was nothing to him. He always when public lecture to that certain person said that he was on their side, making a false trust that the person believed, and therefore trusted him. Now most of the people he did this to it worked on. Such as Cassio calling him Honest Iago and when Cassio got in that fight with Rodrigo, he believed that Iago was the only good, honest man on his side, even though he was the one who set him up.The Methods of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Othello essays The Methods of Iago in Othello         Through out the play of Othello Iago used many techniques to get what he wanted and one way or another he some how all most always got what he wanted. His techniques were that of an everyday sneaky, conniving bad guy, who always got people to trust him, except the person that was closest to him. But the main overall techniques he used were 1)He gained the trust of people. Which was the number one technique, and from gaining their trust he could branch off form that and then he could manipulate the people he was playing into thinking that he was on their side even when he might be on the opposite side. Another thing that he could do to people was to, from gaining their trust and making then think that he was on their side he could manipulate them and make them turn on each other. The other technique that he used which didnt nearly play a role as large as the first technique but was important was he was always very careful, in being discovered and by covering his tracks. He knew how to take care of things in precarious situation. There was in my own personal opinion one more technique, and that was that he knew how to use all his options and could use his wits and cunningness.        Iagos number one technique was his ability to make people trust him. He had just about everyone spun in Iagos web. Rodrigo, Othello, Cassio, Desdemona, Emilia, and etc. And he got every one of them to trust him, although he still hadnt got Emilia into his web fully. She still had suspicions about him. He could gain the trust of people as if it was nothing to him. He always when talking to that certain person said that he was on their side, making a false trust that the person believed, and therefore trusted him. Now most of the people he did this to it worked on. Such as Cassio calling him Honest Iago and when Cassio got in that fight with Rodrigo, he believed that Iago was the only good, honest man on his side, even though he was the one who set him up.