Summary Youth Gang And Violence - 1615 Words

Iskuhi Kalantaryan Juvenile Delinquency Sunday, March 27, 2016 Analytic Essay Youth Gang and Violence Delinquent Behavior â€Å"Gang† â€Å"Youth Gang† and â€Å"Street Gang† are just labels used to describe young people consisting of three or more individuals organized to achieve a typical objective and who share a common identity. There is no single and universally accepted definition of gang, gang member and gang activities in the United States, however, the Federal Definition according to National Institute of Justice, â€Å"An association of three or more individuals;Whose members collectively identify themselves by adopting a group identity, which they use to create an atmosphere of fear or intimidation, frequently by employing one or more of the following: a common name, slogan, identifying sign, symbol [†¦] whose members engage in criminal activity or acts of juvenile delinquency that if committed by an adult would be crimes with the intent to enhance or preserve the association s power, reputation or economic resources.† Juvenile gang is a form of structured delinquency.The group has 2 or more members, aged 12 to 21 who gather together to intimidate or harass or damage property. In American History the earliest documentations of youth gangs goes way back to the 19th century as being primarily composed of Irish youths. Moreover, because they were new immigrants, many of them lived in the worst slums of New York, PhiladelphiaShow MoreRelated Possible Solutions to the Youth Violence Problem Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesPossible Solutions to the Youth Violence Problem The birds are chirping, the sun is beaming down through the clouds, and you can hear the shrieks of excitement from the neighborhood park. Walking down the street, you envision raising your family on this picture-perfect street. As the vision becomes more and more detailed, however, the shot of a gun rings out from the distance. You duck behind a parked car, wondering where the bullet came from and why. Looking around, you are shockedRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Violence in Public Schools1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe starting point of violence takes place in communities and at home--not at school. Youth take what they hear and see at home and in their communities to school. The environment in some communities and households are positive and the presences of protective factors outweigh the high risk factors. However, there are communities and households where there is a lack of informal social control and high risk factors exist more than protective factors--, which affect yout h in a negative manner. Read MoreCauses and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency in America Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagescaused by the influence gangs,bullying, and bad parenting. This topic caught my attention because there a lot of kids getting arrested each year for crimes committed and kids getting involved in gangs, also kids getting access to weapons,drugs, or getting bully by other people. However juvenile delinquency can be prevented by offering bullying prevention, violence prevention curriculums and mentoring programs. â€Å"If gangs are dealing drugs or selling stolen merchandise, gang members can become wealthyRead MoreYouth Gang Violence in Australia2230 Words   |  9 PagesYOUTH GANG VIOLENCE IN AUSTRALIA A report by Sam Brown The legal argument being stated in this report refers to the developing issue of youth gang criminology that has somewhat flourished and further advanced in the suburban areas of Australia since the 1990s. The term ‘gang’ is debated throughout the cases presented to psychological and criminal observers, argued to be diverse in definition because of its variety to identifiers. What causes the most uncertainty towards the issue is the queryRead MoreLast Chance in Texas: The Redemption of Criminal Youth1424 Words   |  6 Pages1. Name and quick summary of book: Last Chance in Texas: The Redemption of Criminal Youth, by John Hubner, follows Hubner as he observes the â€Å"worst of the worst† juvenile offenders at Giddings State School. This treatment program is truly a â€Å"last chance† for may of the adolescents there – their last chance to change the direction of their lives before ending up in jail. Hubner takes the reader through a gripping and emotional journey as the teenagers go through the Capitol Offenders group andRead MoreHuman Targets : Schools, Police, And The Criminalization Of Latino Youth By Victor Rios1262 Words   |  6 PagesSummary: †¯ The book Human Targets: Schools, Police, and the Criminalization of Latino Youth by Victor Rios explains his five year research specifically on Latino males ages fifteen to twenty-one, involved in gangs in Southern California. He, just like few of the young men he interviewed had a substandard start, but later mentors came into their lives that gave them a good impact. Also, the physical features influence how young Latino men are seen and they are often seen as human targets to authoritiesRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Adolescent Substance Abuse1469 Words   |  6 PagesAbuse and Alcoholism nearly 70% of 18 year olds have at the least tried alcohol. Many more adolescents are trying, and getting addicted to, drugs every year. In my opinion this is one of the most critical issues that we have to address as a society. Summary Response: The article titled the â€Å"Psychological Effects of Drug Use in Adolescents,† makes the argument that most adolescents who use drugs are unaware of the psychological effects that abuse of such substances cause. According to the article’s mainRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency894 Words   |  4 Pagessome juveniles end up being juvenile delinquents. The first is that peer groups can play a major role in one’s life between the ages of twelve and eighteen, pressuring juveniles to abandon their home life and join street gangs. Society can play a similar role by labeling our youth and with such a young mindset they figure if they are going to be blamed and punished anyways, why not the satisfaction of actually committing the crime have. These two reasons however, play only a minor role compared toRead MoreAnalysis Of Little Village Community1116 Words   |  5 Pages1. The Rauner YMCA and the program coordinator will take into conside ration programming hours during high crime, transportation to ensure children arrive home safely. 2. Rauner YMCA and Program staff will encouraging a gun and violence free safe haven for the youth of Little Village to be more confident about attending a program during evening hours. 3. The Program will strive to be affordable and accessible to Little Village residents to enhance participation rates. Facility and Brightside CoordinatorRead MoreYouth Gangs And Chicago, Illinois3821 Words   |  16 Pages Youth Gangs in Chicago, Illinois Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines Kirsten Muhaw Criminal Justice Seminar Professor Ruck April 10, 2015 Youth Gangs in Chicago, Illinois According to the Chicago Police Report’s CompStat within the year of 2014, there were 407 murders citywide. Chicago, Illinois is one of the United States biggest cities, with one of the highest crime rates. Chicago is also known for their large amount of gangs including, youth gangs within

American History The Great Depression Essay - 1788 Words

Butler 1 Kannon Butler Mr. David Modern US History 28 November 2016 The Great Depression The Great Depression was a time in American history that not only affected the United States deeply, but also the rest of the world (Irwin). Jobs were tough to come by, the stock market was poor, and the American people lacked strong government leadership for a time. In Europe, countries recovering from the great losses of World War I were buried once again in debt and turmoil. The Great Depression was a consequence of many actions of greedy men in a consumer driven economy. In order to understand the Great Depression, one must look at the prosperity beforehand. The Great Depression was caused by the lack of responsibility amongst consumers and businessmen, poor banking practices, and the absence of government leadership and regulation in industry. To understand the roots of The Great Depression, one must look at the times of economic prosperity beforehand. The Roaring Twenties was a wonderful time for many consumers and manufacturers alike. The United States was the manufacturing capital of the world, and she was producing more than ever before. The idea of factory workers and lower-class people was changing from beating them down to building them up, increasing their wages and adding more consumers in the marketplace (American Labor And Economic Citizenship: New Capitalism From World War I To The Great Depression). Buying on credit rose to the forefront of the way Butler 2Show MoreRelatedAmerican History : The Great Depression1688 Words   |  7 PagesJorgensen American history The Great Depression The Great Depression The Great Depression was a terrible time for people in the United States. With the stock market crash, there were many people without jobs, homes, or they didn’t have anything. Many Americans were left with nothing more than the clothes on their back and their family. Many banks and businesses had to close because on the stock market crash. Even though these times in the thirties seemed to be hard for most people, the American peopleRead MoreAmerican History : The Great Depression1411 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the course of American history, many events arose which have transpired variations in the lifestyles of American citizens, and everyday life. In particular, in the 1930s the Great Depression transpired as a result of the stock market crash which led to an immense widespread of unemployment of numerous Americans. Many primary sources contributed to the hardships people have faced. To gain an understanding on how the Great Depression happened, one has to imitate the history of the events thatRead MoreHistory Of American Economy : The Great Depression Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of the American Economy: The Great Depression As early as the 1920s, Americans and their leaders were quite confident about their country’s better future, compared to some of the toughest economic times that the country had gone through, such as the mild economic depression in the early 1820s and the bank panic. In fact, during his election trail, Herbert Hoover shown off America’s optimism by citing that the triumph against the poor house was forthcoming. However, the Great Depression eruptedRead MoreAmerican Economic History: The Great Depression3024 Words   |  12 PagesTwo of the most dramatic episodes in American economic history were the 1929 Great Depression and the 2008 Great Recession. While in each period the sources of economic excess differed, manufacturing in 1929 and housing in 2008, there are many similarities in their causes and effects. Initially there were also similarities in the way government and monetary authorities responded. However, it is the differences in response that are the most i mportant and will have the greatest impact on the lengthRead MoreAmerican History And Literature : The Roaring Twenties, The Great Depression, And Wwii942 Words   |  4 PagesThe early 1900’s (between 1914 and 1945) were an interesting time in both American history and literature. Considering that events such as WWI, the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and WWII had formidable impacts on many people who lived during those parts of the early 20th century; it would be apropos to assume that many writers of that time had major influences in their writing styles out of the various events that occurred during those times. One popular literary movement during this timeRead MoreWomen s Roles During The Great Depression1413 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent did white women’s social roles change from the 1920s to the Great Depression when employment and income decreased nationwide? A. Plan of Investigation The Great Depression devastated the United States, and remains the worst depression ever experienced by the nation. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† when the economy was thriving in the United States, women took the opportunity to improve their social statuses through enlightenment, but as this period came to an end women’s social rolesRead MoreThe Herbert Hoover : The First President Born West Of The Mississippi River1291 Words   |  6 Pages2016 Knapp ` Herbert Hoover was born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa, and was the first president born west of the Mississippi River. He was academically successful and strived to be the best. He was a great candidate but his presidency was a failed one. The Great Depression is mostly to blame, as Hoover worked hard to get to his position and then watched his hard work leave as he lost the chance to be reelected. Hoover was born in a Quaker community, which he later left at the age ofRead MoreUnspeakable Hardship1516 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 29, 1929 was the worst day of many American’s lives. That was the day the stock market crashed and the Great Depression was launched. At first, the President, and other politicians thought it would end after just a few months but it turned out to be the absolute worst stock market crash in the history of America. America lost 14 billion dollars on that one detrimental day and by the end of the week, America lost a flabbergasting 30 billion dollars. Today, that would be the equivalentRead MoreCauses and Effects of The Great Depression in the United States1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression is a defining moment in time for not only American, but world history. This was a time that caused political, economical, and social unrest. Not only did the Great Depression cause a world wide panic, it also caused a world wide crisis unlike any before it. This paper will analyze both the causes and the effects of the Great Depression in the United States of America. One cause of the depression is the effects of World War One. World War one had many devastating effects onRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy After The Great Depression1390 Words   |  6 Pages Between 1920 and 1941 the paradigm of American foreign policy completely shifted from the Isolationism to Interventionism for valid reasons. First the economic and socially challenging home front crisis of the Great Depression kept American citizens and politicians busy with domestic policy. Additionally the disillusionment of people with WWI caused America to avoid war at all costs. However, the rising threat of fascism in Europe forced America to defend democracy and help its allies. The first

Vietnam tourism free essay sample

It is easy to understand the season why the leading tourism firms in the world are interesting in Vietnam, because this country has huge untapped potential in tourism. Vietnam is attractive to tourist because of many reasons: a variety of culture and ethnic group, a history, structures in many styles like Cham’s style, Chinese style, French style , ancient pagodas, a long coast, delicious foods and business opportunities, defenitily. In recent times, Vietnam has become one of the leading tourist destinations in Asia. Almost every life’s aspects have been affected (most aspects are effeted to some extent) by tourism nowadays. Although, the official statistics seem not confident, estimating that tourism contributes about 2 percent to total employment of the country. Tourist revenue increases continuously from 1996. Recognizing the advantages of foreign exchange earnings and job creation from this fied, the government enacts Comprehensive Planning for tourism development in the period from 1995 to 2010 that state a scheme for tourism’s expansion in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam tourism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite the fact that Vietnam has made a considerable inroad into Asia market and in world market, Vietnam will take a long time to be considered a strong competitor. A recent World Bank’s research has shown sector-specific issues and cross-sector issues obstructing tourism’s activities and development. Although Vietnam tourism has some progress in recent times (Some example are increasing hotel’s quality, equiping Internet access, upgrading infrastructure, removing two-tier system), private sector still cannot develop every business opportunities liberally. License mechanism procedure does not allow private enterprises to take part in all of activities which is related to foreign tourists, but state enterprises control all of this branch. Besides, tourism must face up to some challenges like prolix and complicate investment process, overlapping management system and unofficial payment. These issues are barriers against both domestic and foreign investment. According to researchers, some existing issues still have a bad impact on the development of the whole line/branch. For example As an examle is prevailing regulations of visa can make tourist choose another destination in Asia instead of Vietnam. Or, monolopy in aviation is a cause of booking tickets overload, lack of flights, dissatisfaction with quality of passenger service, especially during the tourist season. Vietnam should have more effort to exploit huge opportunities for tourist development in Asia market effectively. Opening tourist market in order to prepare for WTO entrance will promote competition and bring more important advantages, but it just happens in the long-term period. In advance, Vietnam should make an equal market for private and state enterprises. Removing the regulations which restrict private business practices will bring more benefits to all types of ownership. Furthermore, sustainable development in future requires tourism must have comprehensive development strategy. It is not only for the growth of tourism, practical experience shows that tourism can be a catalyst for development in other economic sectors.

The EverChanging American Culture Essay Example For Students

The EverChanging American Culture Essay As Americans, we used to worry little about war, having enough to eat, travel, freedom, and our most basic everyday activities. The tragic events of September 11, 2001 have forever changed the American way of life. We have now become more concerned with our physical health because of the few cases of anthrax and the possibility of more biological warfare. We also worry about nuclear warfare and the effects it could have on our health and environment. Americans have certainly become more patriotic and involved with their families since September 11. Most of us watch the news diligently to learn of any defeat the United States has accomplished in Afghanistan. Many of us are avoiding the airlines and are not spending very much money. This has helped push the economy further on the downward slope. The stock exchange hit bottom on September 21 in the 8100 range and is now back over 9900, which is right at the cusp of being a bull market (Pellegrini). Oil prices have been dropping rapidly and are now around 17 dollars a barrel, which will help to boost our slowing economy. Unemployment rates will unfortunately probably remain the same. Manpower, Inc. said Monday that its survey of United States companies hiring intentions for the first three months of 2002 barely registered a pulse, a weakness not seen since the recessionary early months of 1991. Unemployment numbers will continue to climb up through the winter and spring even as and if a recovery takes hold (Pellegrini). Our commitment together to boost the nations economy will ensure a bright future. Americas future seems to be based on our new ideas formed since September 11, but yet we still carry on the problems of the past. There is still many Americans living in poverty. There is still illegal drugs that infest our nation with addiction and crime that encircles the drug trade. There are many children not getting a good education and many of whom who are fearful of violence at our schools. It is up to us as Ame ricans to face these problems head on now more than ever before. We will write a custom essay on The EverChanging American Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The nations most important problems to tackle and change are our illegal drug problem, the lack of good education for those of all ages, and to end the terrorist situation. The United States War on Drugs has done little to stop the sources of the problem and has only persecuted the user. The nations children are often trying these illegal drugs at early ages despite drug education. These children also happen to lack in nearly every subject when compared to other nations around the globe. Many of the free nations of the world are dealing with terrorism and we all hope for a solution that will prevent any further violent acts committed against innocent people. The situation in Afghanistan actually began in 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded their country. The United States funded money to the mujahedin, or holy warriors, in the name of stopping communism. From this support, Afghanistan was able to defeat the Soviet Union in 1989. Yet the country became very unstable after the war. Political power was fluctuating often and leaders came in and out of power rapidly. Farmers resorted to growing many drugs such as poppies and marijuana and sold them around the globe. Cities were annihilated. Over five million Afghanis fled to other countries in search of a better life. When the Afghanis turned to the United States for help in rebuilding our country, we refused. This caused great anger amongst the Afghani people directed toward the United States. This also lead to Mullah Mohammod Omar, the current leader of Afghanistan, to form a ground of men to rebuild his country. They are now known as the Taliban. Omars personal description is, A simple band of dedicated youths determined to establish the laws of God on Earth and prepared to sacrifice everything in pursuit of that goal. The Taliban have many radical believes including the idea of the never ending holy war or, jihad. Since the original forming of the Taliban, they have taken over 90 percent of Afghanistan with some assistance from Pakistan. Now that number is probably much lower due the war efforts there. Osama bin Laden himself gave the Taliban over three million dollars in 1996 to take over Afghanistans capital (McGeary 14). Another source of the Middle Eastern peoples hate for the United States stems from our involvement with Israel. The United States has had a strong influence on Middle Eastern politics, which usually involve backing Israel. The United States supports Israel economically by giving them $840 million annually. Israel also obtains much military support from the United States, funds exceeding $3 billion and access to our weaponry (Beyer 19). Arabic people are also infuriated with American culture being thrust upon them, while they themselves cannot live our life of freedom and luxuries. Many of these people may wish to live our way of life, yet there are many who want to live the traditions of their past and want no American involvement. The main question on most Americans minds is what happens after Osama bin Laden and the al-Qaeda are destroyed. The al-Qaeda has provided training and inspiration to about 11,000 menaccording to United Stated intelligence estimateswho passed through its Afghan camps (Cloud). Most intelligent analysts agree that the network of terrorist could function without its leaders. Irene Stoller, former director of Frances anti-terror division states, This movement, these groups, are far too spread out, diffuse and fluid for a single operation to knock them out. bin Laden and his lieutenants may seem from the outside like super-managers of international Islamist terror, but the real planning and execution is carried out at lower levels. (Cloud). Many experts believe after the war, many terrorists will travel home to their native lands or travel to free countries and regroup with other like-minded people. Cloud states, Osama bin Ladens inner circle, the most senior figure worrying the United Sta tes investigators is Mustafa Ahmed, a.k.a. Shaikh Saiid, the bin Laden business manager and September 11 paymaster who was in the United Arab Emirates until shortly before the attacks. Ahmed has the skills and connections to put together funding for another terrorist operationand he doesnt need bin Ladens money. Investigators have learned over the past few weeks that al-Qaedas money comes from many varied sources beyond bin Laden, including gem miners who help raise funds for the group in Tanzania; contraband traders in the Muslim-heavy border region where Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay meet; and workers at charities throughout the MidEast. The long term solution requires tackling of underlying political, economic, and social roots of terrorismunresolved demands for Palestinian rights, perversion of Islam by radical clerics, corruption and poverty in many Arab states and grievances over United States policy in the region. Although the United States continue to battle the terrorists in Afghanistan, the terrorists continue to attack us here the United States. For over a month, federal investigators have tried to the follow the trail of anthrax victims in hope of finding a source. So far this strain of anthrax has killed five people and infected 13 others. This strain of anthrax, known as Ames, originated from the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Investigators now believe that, Ames may have slipped through an informal network of scientists to Iraq, which sought the strain from a British bio-defense institute in 1988 but whose application was rejected because of concerns that it would be used to manufacture biological weapons (Fainaru). Federal investigators have also proved that the strain Ames, which appeared in Florida, is also the same that was discovered in Connecticut, Washington, and New York. Yet discovering the strain is Ames has done little to display who is using the strain in such a violent way. Ames has been recognized for its resistance to vaccines and is a natural strain from a diseased cow. Slowly, investigators are tracing the movement of Ames to discover who sent the anthrax mailings, but it will be difficult because many samples and mutations of this strain have been sent out across the country and could have fallen into the wrong hands. Especially Iraqi hands that have wanted the pathogen for a considerable amount of time (Fainaru). .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 , .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .postImageUrl , .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 , .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281:hover , .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281:visited , .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281:active { border:0!important; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281:active , .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281 .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2fb0d83839aa718d0a68dec78d6f2281:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: JC Penney Marketing Research Outline EssayAs Americans, it is most important to feel safe here living in the United States and protect our freedoms. In order to continue to cope with the terrorist situations, we must face the reality. First it is important for bin-Laden and al-Qaedas fighters to be hunted down and stopped before they can reach another point of safe haven in a country that will protect them. Secondly, once the war is completed in Afghanistan, the United States should provide medicine, food, and rebuilding money to Afghanistan so we dont turn our back on them like we did before. The most important idea though is that Relative poverty did not create and does not excuse international terrorism. But it can build a network of sympathy for those who take up the bomb and gun. Somehow the West, with its commitment to rationalism, belief in the future, confidence in the soothing effects of prosperity, has to learn how to talk to those with a different mental cap, (Elliot). We also should remember that the terrorist attack of September 11 may have murdered more civilians than ever in our history, but it did not destroy our spirit. It is important for all of us to continue on with our daily lives and remember those lost. We should accept the tightening of security and laws at places and understand they are for our protection. We should fight terrorism with understanding (Alter). As Americans, we should continue to fight these new problems facing us and to try and tackle the old problems as well. Our children are our most important future and we need to protect them and educate them better than ever before. There are many reasons why the nations educational system is failing its children. Originally, formal schooling was set up to Americanize immigrants (Lieberman 41). There has been a decline in birthrates since the 1960s, yet lower socioeconomic groups birth rates remain the same. This means more middle-class and lower class children are attending public school, while though upper class children are attending private schools. Adults in low-income families are less activity politically and generally are less involved in their childrens education (Lieberman 9). There has also been a great increase in the population of senior citizens. Those older than 45 make up 35.9% of the population. Senior citizens tend to care less about supporting monies for education and more about health care. In 1987, federal spending on senior citizens per person averaged around $10,000, while average spending per child was only $854 (Lieberman 21). Changes in the family such as single parent homes, divorces, and poverty affect the education of children greatly. In 1987, 9.4 million women had children with no father involved in their childrens life. Of those families, 53.3% of those fathers did not pay any kind of child support (Lieberman 25). Also, more than one million children under the age of 18 are directly involved in a divorce each year. In 1996, 14% of the American population lived in poverty, 20.5% of which were children under 18 (Quiram 12). Families are not the only ones to blame for the lack of quality education in the United States. Eighty-five percent of the costs of public schools are spent on salaries and benefits of school district personnel, not the students (Lieberman 51). Teacher unions also only seek benefits for themselves, not for the students. Teachers are also paid based on their schooling and years of experience, not on the quality of their teaching (Lieberman 57). In 1990, the George Bush administration set up the National Educational Goals that were to have been met by the year 2000. It stated that the high school graduation rate will increase to 90%; all students leaving grade four, eight, and twelve will have competency in English, mathematics, science, foreign languages, government and geography; the nations teachers will have access to programs to improve their teaching skills; United States students will be first in the world in mathematics and science achievement; every adult will be literate and have necessary skills to function in todays economy; every school in the United States will be free of drugs, violence, firearms, and alcohol; and every school will promote parental involvement (Quiram 68). Yet it is true in fact that none of these goals have been completely achieved or even tackled by our school systems. The dropout rate for 1999 was 11.2%, which is still less than 90% of the students graduating (NCES). Students on the high sc hool level on the average only complete 3.8 years of English, 2.5 years of math, .2 years of computer science, 2.9 years of social studies, 2.1 years of physical and biological science and .3 years of foreign language (Quiram 24). This is not nearly enough education to compete with todays foreign market. Many of the nations public schools are still in horrible condition. In 1999, one quarter of school reported that at least one type of onsite building was in less than adequate condition. Half of schools reported that at least one building feature was in less than adequate condition. About four out of ten reported at least one unsatisfactory environmental condition. Close to ten percent of schools have enrollments twenty-five percent greater than the capacity of their buildings. The average dollar amount needed to fix each individual school is about $2.2 million and the grand total of funds needed to repair these schools is $127 billion (NCES). School safety has become a large concern since the many high school shootings. Yet statistics have not been changing for the better. During the 1996-1997 school year, 57% of public schools reported that one or more incidents of crime or violence had happened in their school. Ten percent of all public schools experienced one or more serious violent crime. Violent crimes are defined as murder, rape, sexual battery, suicide, physical attack, fight with a weapon, or robbery. Forty-five percent of elementary schools reported one or more violent incidents, compared with 74% of middle schools and 77% of high schools. School crime is proven to happen in larger schools, 38% of small schools reported incidents, while 89% of large schools reported criminal incidents. Schools in cities were twice as likely to report violent crime and gang activity than rural or suburban schools. During the 1998-1999 school year, 3,523 students were expelled for bringing a gun to school (NCES). Yet 78% of all sch ools claimed they had some type of violence prevention program, but it doesnt seem to be working. Neither does our former presidents plan to reform education. Lieberman lists many ways to help improve education. He recommends that high school age children should be able to graduate in a shorter period of time if they desire and receive rewards for doing so (274). He believes the PTA should just consist of parents and students making goals for education to discuss with teachers and the school board (275). He believes there should be a national curriculum plan so that all children are taught the same basic important ideas. Teachers should be required to take state examinations to evaluate their competency. He also believes parents should be given a better interpretation of their childrens grades by report cards that include: checklists, anecdotal comments, how attendance affects grades, how the grade point average was computed, what curriculum path the child is on, and increase the frequency of reporting (Lieberman 87). The United States government should also give better funding to schools that need repairs and new materials because our chi ldren are our most important asset of all. .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d , .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .postImageUrl , .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d , .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d:hover , .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d:visited , .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d:active { border:0!important; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d:active , .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e6dad78f22c44a0188675d083ac891d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay Humans In The BiosphereThe nations illegal drug industry is not only thriving among school age children, but across the entire population of the United States. The United States is the single largest market place for illegal drugs (Zill). About 13 million Americans claim to occasional drug use of cocaine, marijuana, ecstasy, and other drugs, but about five million people have serious drug habits, spending over $500 a week to support their habits. These two groups of users spend $60 billion a year on illegal drugs (Zill). In 1999, Americans spent $63.2 billion on illegal drugs, $37 billion on cocaine, $12 billion on heroin, $10.2 on marijuana, and $4 billion on other illegal drugs (Who are Americas Drug Users?). This extremely large sum of money is collected in stash houses down south from Mexico to Columbia. All this money pays the salaries of shippers, processors, and bribes of government officials. Countries like Columbia and Mexico are almost dependent on the demand for drugs from the United States. The illegal drug industry stays intact because of its huge profit margins. Zill states that, Processed cocaine is available on the streets of Columbia for $1,500 per kilo and sold on the streets of America for as much as $66,000 per kilo. Heroin costs $2,600 per kilo in Pakistan, but can be sold on the streets of America for $130,000 per kilo. Methamphetamine are often even cheaper to manufacture costing approximately $300 to $500 per kilo to produce in clandestrine labs in the United States and abroad and sold on United States streets for up to $60,000 per kilo. The so-called War on Drugs seizures of illegal drugs have little effect on the industry. Current drug interceptions only stop 13% of heroin shipments and 28% to 40% of cocaine shipments (Zill). Between 1984 and 1999, the number of defendants charged with a drug offense in Federal courts increased from 11,854 to 29,306; 65% of those charged had been previously arrested, 16% reported being an importer, grower, or manufacturer, and 25% reported they were street-level dealers (Federal Drug Offenders). In the past decade, federal and state law enforcement agencies have seized over $48 billion in drugs, cash, and assets. The government has not been tackling the major sources of illegal drugs in the United States and only seems to arrest growers, users, and sellers, not those in charge. The government should learn to target the source of drugs and also provide better education to young people. The highest rates of illicit drug users are found among older teens. In 1999, 22% of tenth graders and 26% of twelve graders had used an illicit drug in the past month (Americas Drug Users). Twenty to Twenty-one percent of young adults age 18 to 20 reported using an illicit drug within the past month. The highest drug using ethnic population is Native Americans and those reporting mixed races. In 1999, 8.7% of men and 4.9% of woman were illicit drug users (Americas Drug Users). The most commonly used drug is marijuana, with 11.1 million users in 1999. The use of marijuana has remained almost constant throughout the 1990s. There was also about 1.5 million cocaine users in 1999, representing 7% of the population. The federal governments planned expenditures on illegal drugs for the year 2002 is an estimated $19.2 billion, compared to 2001s budget of $18.1 billion. The government plans to spend $2,296 million on plans to reduce youth drug use, $8,052 million on reducing drug-related crime, $3,101 million on rehabilitation programs, $2,555 million on border control, and $2,047 on reducing the source of supply. This money is further broken down into specific programs. Parents for a Drug-Free Future Program will spend $5 million dollars on educating communities on drug abuse prevention of young people, and providing scientific information to provide factual information to children. Eleven million dollars will also be spent on the Drug-Free Communities Program, which assists community-based groups to foster local anti-drug activities. The federal government will spend over $126 million dollars on research to improve drug abuse treatment for addicted offenders in the criminal justice system. Twenty -nine million dollars will be spent on the National Data Collection, which will decide which drug-related services are still effective. The most outrageous statistic of all, the federal government will spend $731 million on the Andean Regional Initiative that will give counter-drug money to Columbia, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Brazil, Venezuela, and Panama (ONDCP). The description by the ONDCP states, The counter-drug strategy in the region must include funding to bring greater economic and political stability to the region and a peaceful solution to Colombias internal conflict. I find that most of these program descriptions are vague and are generally a waste of taxpayers moneys on programs that havent been working. Something drastic needs to be done to change federal government policy to either decriminalize certain drugs or to actually attack the sources of these drugs instead of funding money to the source. Drugs, the terrorist war, and education have affected each and every single American. All of our nations problems tie into together like a spider web. There are many problems faced by this nation, that all must be handled one issue at a time. More money should be spent on ending poverty in the United States. We need to discover alternative forms of energy incase of an oil shortage. We need to make drastic changes in our environmental policies to stop doing so much damage to our environment. We need to have a great love and compassion of those different than us and respect the variety of people in the United States. As a nation, we need to all become more involved politically so we have better options for senators, governors, presidents, and representatives. We must remember that freedom isnt something everyone around the world gets to experience, and we are most lucky for having it. Most of all, we must continue the patriotism that was born on September 11 and never forget how proud we are of our freedoms, right, and beliefs. Bibliography:Alter, Jonathan. Patriotism. Newsweek Sep 2001. 21 Nov 2001. Beyer, Lisa. Roots of Rage. Time 1 Oct 2001: 19. Cloud, John. What is the Al-Qaeda Without Its Boss? Time 26 Nov 2001. 26 Nov 2001. Elliot, Michael. Dont Make a Matryr of Osama. Time 26 Nov 2001. 26 Nov 2001. Fainaru, Steve and Joby Warrick. Deadly anthrax strains muddy trail. The Washington Post 25 Nov 2001. 26 Nov 2001. Federal Drug Offenders. government. Aug 2001. 18 Nov 2001. Lieberman, Myron. Public Education: An Autopsy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993. McGeary, Johanna. The Taliban Troubles. Time 1 Oct 2001: 14. National Center of Educational Statistics. government. 18 Nov 2001. National Center of Educational Statistics. government. 18 Nov 2001. National Center of Educational Statistics. government. 18 Nov 2001. Office of National Drug Control Policy. government. April 2001. 18 Nov 2001. Pellegrin, Frank. The Street This Week: Planes, Trains, Automobiles, Malls Or None of the Above? Time 19 Nov 2001. 21 Nov 2001. Quiram, Jacquelyn, Mei Ling Rein, and Nancy Jacobs, eds. EducationReflecting Our Society. Wylie: Information Plus, 1998. Who are Americas Drug Users? org. 14 Nov 2001. 18 Nov 2001. Zill, Oriana and Lowell Bergman. Do the Math: Why the Illegal Drug Business is Thriving. org. 14 Nov 2001. 18 Nov 2001.

interpertation of Mr. Schmoes results Essays - Education, Tests

interpertation of Mr. Schmoes results Essays - Education, Tests Interpretation of Mr. Bob Schmoes Intelligence and Skills February 17, 2019 Interpretation of Mr. Bob Schmoes Intelligence and Skills Bob Schmoe was a case that was referred by his case manager at the Department of Rehabilitation to have an evaluation done based on his intelligence and skills. He took the or the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence 2nd Edition ( WASI-2 ) and the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revision 4 ( WRAT-4 ) to show areas that he is having difficulties in with the goal that he gets referrals for assistance in trouble areas and work on improvements (Sample i ntelligence- a chievement Report, n. d; Perry, 2019) . Transcribed below is the discussion between hypothetical Ph, D. Perry and Bob S c hmoe recieving the results of said test s and any recommendations that will be benefic ial to Mr. S c hmoe. Ph. D . Perry : Good morning Mr. S c hmoe , h ow are you today? Mr. S c hmoe : Good M orning doctor. I am well and I will say I am feeling a little anxious about the results of my tests. Doctor : Mr. S c hmoe , there is no need for worry. The tests are just a way for us to help you in establishing which areas you may require help in to achieve a better way of life. These tests have nothing to do with how people may distinguish you. This is all constructed off certain areas of intellect that establish a person's intelligence and academic skills. Do you understand what I am referring to ? Mr. S c hmoe : Yes, I understand doc , give it to me straight. Doctor : Good. As you know, you took two different tests that assisted in measuring different subsets or areas of intellect. The first test the WAS I - 2 measured block design, vocabulary, matrix reasoning, and similarities. The second test the WRAT- 4 measured word reading, sentence completion, spelling, reading composite and math computation (Sample i ntelligence- a chievement Report, n. d ; Perry, 2019 ) . These tests will help us by showing which topics you have strength s or weakness in. The results are used in assist ing us in determining the best solution or course of action to better assist you in strengthening those weak areas you need help with . Do you understand so far Mr. S c hmoe? Mr. S c hmoe : Yes, you are going to let me know what each area means and what areas I need to work on. Doctor: Correct . When looking at the scores of the subsets for the test s you were given, and I compare them to individuals who are within your age group that also took the same test s . The scores tell us if you are a h igh average which specif ies you have a strength in that s ubset , average you are at a middle point , and low average specif ies a weakness for that s ubset . Your scores with the WASI -2 showed you have a full-scale IQ (FSIQ-4) score that is within average range. This score tells us that your cognitive abilities seem to be characteristic to those of your peers. The average scores in the subset's matrix reasoning, vocabulary, similarities, verbal comprehension, and perpetual reasoning index indicates that you have strengths in verbal abilities, and you do not have difficulties forming verbal concepts and using different words to form these thoughts (Perry, 2019) . You can form sentences, understand the ideas that are within the sentences, listen to sounds or look at sound structures and shape words from those sounds (Sample i ntelligence- a chievement Report, n. d ; Perry, 2019 ) . Block design you did fall in the low average range and what this means is you have some difficulty with pattern recognition in other words it was difficult for you to recreate a given pattern this is a weakness in the ability to understand and analyze abstract ideas from visual stimuli (Perry, 2019) . Mr. S c hmoe: So, developing different ideas and sentences, I am good at and I can finish

Comparison of Bible and Daodejing Essay Example

Comparison of Bible and Daodejing Essay Example Comparison of Bible and Daodejing Paper Comparison of Bible and Daodejing Paper Essay Topic: The Bible Bible and the Decontaminated the Bible and the Degrading represent the religious artifacts designed to gulled the believers through their lives, establishing the moral code to follow. The Bible Is a significant symbol of Charlatanry and while its text is open to interpretation, the Bible is quite strict with the rules provided within it: the people must follow them without questioning, doing exactly how it was said by the God. Disobedience, violations of the God-made laws will be punished. Degrading is widely followed by Chinese people. It is more vague and accepting, and emphasizes the reward for following it: if the search for the harmony is successful, the person will reach happiness. Everybody can follow the Way, as long as they strive for natural balance and harmony: l am good to those who are good; I also am good to those who are not good L trust the trustworthy; I also trust the untrustworthy (Chapter 49). The difference between the texts becomes clear in the very beginning of the 10 Commandments. Since Christianity is a monotheistic religion, it implies the existence of only one God. The first three commandments Leary define that there Is one God and people should worship only him: for I am the Lord your God am a Jealous God, visiting the Iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me (Exodus 20:5). Following the Dad does not prohibit following other religions and believing in other gods. Instead of putting the emphasis on worshiping the gods, the way of Dad encourages people to learn more about themselves, pointing out that this knowledge can lead to enlightenment: those who know themselves are enlightened SSE who conquer themselves are strong (Chapter 33). The Bible, and specifically the 10 Commandments. Attempt to create general rules to follow In order to create and maintain good community. Those rules are quite defined and it is pretty hard to misinterpret them: do not kill, do not steal, do not commit adultery, respect the elders, do not desire someone elses property, and do not make false statements. Sim ilar to Bible, Degrading stresses the importance of freeing from greed and desires, but does it in less prescriptive way. Instead of emphasizing the punishment for violation of the rules Like the Bible does, the Degrading defies the pre-set rule and laws: the more taboo and prohibitions The poorer the people The more clear the laws and edicts, the more thieves and robbers (Chapter 57). It encourages to voluntarily choose the path of non-action, giving up everything that might disrupt the existing balance, and the result will lead to happiness. According to the Degrading, people should not work towards enlightenment and achieving the Dad: the more one arches for It, the further It becomes. The only way to achieve the Dad Is to do nothing, to let oneself free of all desires and problems and reach natural balance: gaining the world always is accomplished by following no activity (Chapter 48). In order to accomplish smooth functioning, every community designates a special place for those who cannot stand up for themselves and need someone strong and passionate to raise awareness and concerns about their lives and ability to function as a part of society. Both the Bible and the Degrading emphasize the concerns about ten elves AT ten weak Ana ameliorates. According to ten Bide, you snail not wrong a sojourner You shall not mistreat any widow or fatherless child, and violation of this rule leads to a very strict punishment death of abuser, so his family can suffer the same fate as the mistreated people (Exodus 22:22-25). While a punishment is not an option for the Degrading, it still calls for protection of weak to maintain the natural balance: to preserve what is weak is called strength (Chapter 52). Comparing the 10 Commandments and Holiness Code with the Degrading teachings can be a quite complex process. While both of the texts set up some kind of moral code to follow, the Bibles stories call for some actions or forbid the others, and the Degrading sets its teachings on accomplishing the harmony through non-action. Fist one threatens with punishment for breaking the rules and leaving the path of obedience to the God, the later implies that rules do not matter as long as the harmony and the balance are achieved. The Bible requires studying and understanding the Holiness Code, as well as needs proper interpretation to match the stories and their meanings to the modern times. The Designing concern is that the studying will forsake any chances of attaining the harmony since knowledge will only raise more questions and, therefore, will cause the dissemblance. Depending on the society and the type of faith it follows, each one of those books can be a sacred reading that defines the actions of people throughout their lives or simply can become a cause of misunderstandings and confusion.

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reading Response - Essay Example Global Context According to studies by scholars it is evident that there has been a global shift with regard to immigration integration. Back in the early 1970s there had been growing support for multiculturalism but however in the 1990s and 2000s the shift has become evident and people are proving to move away from multiculturalism and rather taking to cohesion and integration (Dekkers 189-205). We could use the example of Netherlands who at some point adapted one of the best forms of multiculturalism in the whole of Europe, and that was in the 1980s. However they started dropping the policies bit by bit in the early 1990s up to when it seemed impossible in the 2000s when the entire system was entirely dropped and came to be replaced with very harsh policies which can be termed as not far from old fashion assimilation. Multiculturalism has experienced no form of success ever in the Europe and with it has brought many serious consequences. The only way to handle this is by insisting to new comers to fully subject to their new identity. They should fully embrace the Dutch or British in terms of their social lives and if at all their ethnic identities are to be preserved then they should not be done so in public. The European verses the Canadian Model: Relationship and impact In Europe multiculturalism has been attributed to several ills such as isolation of immigrants, residential ghettoization discrimination against ethnic, increased stereotyping and others as stated in the case. However the perception of multiculturalism playing role to all these can be put up for debate since there exists no tangible evidence showing that the ills named above are more prevalent in countries who failed to adopt the multiculturalism policies (Hyman 1-14). Some views have been aired by several commentators’ and they can be summarized to reveal that multiculturalism has drastically failed in Europe leading to greater stereotyping, prejudice and greater segregation. Many Ca nadians also think that they may be immune to this issue but it is evident that this same issue is gradually emerging in Canada. The only remedy either being the abolition of the multiculturalism or post-cultureless. Canada had adopted an assimilationist approach to ethnic groups that carried the hope of having the immigrants to fully assimilate to the pre-existing mainstream culture and still hoped that with time they would be fully absorbed and become indistinguishable. In around 1971 there was the adoption of the multiculturalism policy and the main goals included assisting all Canadian cultural groups having demonstrated full desire and effort to continue to develop a capacity to grow and offer contributions to Canada, to promote creative encounters among all Canadian groups and assisting immigrants to fully acquire the rights to participate in the Canadian society by learning at least one Canadian official language. There is an area where multiculturalism seems to overlap and t his concerns racism and discrimination. Although the aboriginal people are not counted as visible minorities, they are still clear victims of racism. Within the category of visible minorities there are important differences in the nature of the nature of the types of racism they encounter.is is also believed that anti-black racism is far much different from the type of racism faced by the visible minorities. If we tried to take a look at the statistics

Informal Recommendations Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informal Recommendations Report - Research Paper Example Accounts payable is the hardest working accounting function. It is very important for an organization to use its resources for implementing this best practice in a company. In an organization generally different types of accounting record are being gathered. That information is invoices, purchasing orders and copy of receipt. Person from accounts payable department collects these three important documents and verify those documents before paying the accounts payable (Esma, 2013). It is tough job and highly error prone. Elimination of manual checking is a best practice for accounts payable. It is often being noticed that staffs of a company perform manual check of different bills and sign those bills and enter those information into a computer system. In this whole process staffs may enter faulty information into the system and as the process is done fast so, often some important information are not free from errors. Maintaining database of suppliers is a best practice for payable staffs of a company. It has been observed that maintaining a large data base of supplier is a serious problem for the staffs. It is often being noticed that suppliers make complaints that they are not getting their money in proper time. These kinds of problems generally occur due to large supplier base (Hansen, Otley and Sted, 2003). For resolving this issue reducing the supplier base is a best practice. Budgeting is a very difficult and painful but one of the most important best practices of accounting. It requires significant efforts to come up with a proper budget. Budgeting is all about allocations of the resources of a company in its different operating segments. This process is completed on the basis of past trends and futures forecasting and so levels of uncertainties are there. Those presences of uncertainties are making this a very risky function. It has been observed that when staffs of an organization is presenting the budget in front of the management of

Performance Management System of Banglalink Essay Example for Free

Performance Management System of Banglalink Essay The mark an employee receives in his/her evaluation plays a very important role in his/her chances of promotion. Banglalink uses the Performance Review form which is generally termed as â€Å"Adjective Checklist† The Performance Review forms are sent to all the people who act as supervisors of a certain number of employees. The supervisors are instructed to evaluate their subordinates They are specifically instructed to evaluate the job performance of the employee; and not to evaluate the employee himself or herself as a person. The supervisor fills out the form himself During his evaluation, he may consult with the employee if the supervisor has any remarks; he puts them on the form also. After all these are completed, he assigns marks on the rating. The marks are specified on the form. After the supervisor completes his evaluation, his section head reviews the form If he has other thoughts about the person evaluated, he then consults both the supervisor and the subordinate, whose performance was evaluated, and then clarifies the matter. He then gives his own remarks. Then the form is sent to the Departmental Head, who gives the final acknowledgement when he assesses that everything is in order. Thus all the filled out forms are gathered and sent to the Banglalink head-office, where these forms are sorted and arranged Then the top management reviews these forms. They evaluate the markings received. Then they can make a certain judgments on the employees abilities and performance The present position of the employee and his current salary along with the marks and recommendations he received are combined to make a matrix With this matrix, the employees increment is calculated. [pic] Appraisal Feedback After the evaluation has been done, the top management makes their decisions nd forms future plans Where the evaluation results are not satisfactory, the top management asks for more information After getting the information, they sit with the Departmental Head of the employee under scrutiny and then they proceed to assess the situation. Later they discuss the situation with the rater and the employee he rated and then they make their decision. When the evaluation results are pos itive and the top management has made their decisions about the employees increments or promotion, the employees are given the information in an informal manner. Thus, they are assured of the assessment that has been made of them. In this way they are kept motivated. 3. Research Methodology Type of Research The project falls in the category of exploratory and descriptive research, i. e, a research designed to evaluate the Performance Appraisal of Banglalink. This applies to the research part. Prior to that, the organizational part is helpful for the clear understanding of the existing position of Banglalink and also serves the purpose of the exploratory. Besides, a limited scale of causal research has been also included to examine the cause and effect relationship among variables. Basic Research Method The basic research method in this theoretical Knowledge, field survey and practical orientation. In that the annual report and websites were the major source of secondary data. Besides, the discussion with the concerned managers/employees (Primary data) yielded the additional information to fill up the gaps and helped in clear understanding. Sources and Method of data collection To carry out the research study, data has been collected both from primary and secondary sources Primary Data Primary data have been collected as follows Structured Questionnaire Keeping the problem statement in view, a number of questions in the form of checklist had been formulated. The checklist had been the main tool for relevant question to the primary data sources to formulated the operational definition of the problem statement and precisely find out the area of study. Questionnaire were developed incorporating mixed type of questions. One type of questionnaire for the managers at Banglalink and the other type is for employees. Some questions were common for all while some questions were exclusive for either group. Questionnaires were designed in such a way so that all-important elements of the performance appraisal system can be covered by it. After questionnaire formulation, an exhaustive and deliberate discussion was conducted and necessary adjustments were made. Pretest for screening of the questionnaire has been carried out. After pretest, the final questionnaire has been prepared.

Influenza Causes People to Stay Home :: Journalism Media Studies Health Medical Essays

Influenza Causes People to Stay Home Yesterday the influenza record was broken as the highest number of [cases] in New York City alone was 5589 in a single day! The numbers are staggering and many people are looking at taking more precautions at preventing the disease to spread to them and loved ones. People everywhere are wondering if enough is being done to prevent influenza from spreading. The board of health has passed a sanitary code which includes the following sections: "Section 89 of the sanitary code requires isolation and quarantine of persons infected with infectious disease. Section 98 of the sanitary code provides that no person in the city of New York, without a permit therefore issued by the Board of Health, carry, move, or caused to be carried, or moved in any matter whatsoever in any public place or street any person infected with infectious disease, nor shall any person remove or cause to be removed in the City of New York any such person from any building or vessel, without a permit therefore, issued by the Board of Health. Section 100 of the Sanitary Code provides that no person shall by any exposure of any individual sick with an infectious disease or by any negligent act connected therewith, or by a needless exposure of himself cause, contribute to, or pr omote the spread of disease to any such person." However even with these strict sanitary codes people are taking further measures. Many parents that I interviewed reported that they were even avoiding sending their children to school because of fear of catching influenza. Jack Smith of Manhattan stated, "Why would I want to put my children at such a risk? I would rather sacrifice a small portion of their education for their protection and even lives." Schools are however making serious efforts at preventing the spread of disease amongst students. Dr. William L Ettinger who is the Superintendent of Schools, sent a letter of instructions for all school officials on how to deal with influenza in the schools. Some of these instructions state that "proper and adequate ventilation of classrooms must be maintained" and that "pupils be required to hold their pocket handkerchiefs in front of their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing." Another rule given amongst the long list is that "each teacher be instructed to inspect her class of pupils carefully each day and to refer to the school doctor or nurse any child showing acute cold, congestion of the eyes with watery secretion from the nose, acute sneezing or coughing.

One Laptop Per Child Essay

1.Why are Microsoft, Intel, and other leading for profit companies interested in low-cost computers for the developing world? In 2005, Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT’s Media Labs, announced the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) program at the World Economic Forum. The concept was simple and appealing. Innovate a $100 laptop and distribute it to children in the developing world. No one can argue the power of getting kids access to computers/internet, and hence, access to a virtually limitless store of information, connectivity to the world and educational software. And for a technology optimist like Negroponte, the payoffs were obvious. But as the OLPC program has found out over the years, there is more to the success of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in Education, than just handing out computers to kids, and expect it to works its magic on its own. To begin with, the premises and approach of OLPC program as articulated by Negroponte are fundamentally flawed. OLPC stipulates that laptops be owned by children over the age of six rather than by schools. Efforts to reform curricula and assessment are viewed by the program as too slow or expensive, and teacher training as of limited value due to teacher absenteeism and incompetence, so laptop implementation must proceed without them. The program also believes that in the end, â€Å"the students will teach themselves on how to use the laptop. They’ll teach one another, and we have confidence in the kids’ ability to learn†. The other flaw in this program is that the poorest countries targeted by OLPC cannot afford laptop computers for all their children and would be better off building schools, training teachers, developing curricula, providing books and subsidizing attendance. No one ever understood Nicholas Negroponte’s position when it comes to the $100 Laptop/OLPC/XO. While the idea behind creating a super cheap, super durable useful computer for children in developing nations is good, Negroponte has always approached the idea as one where only he should be allowed to see that vision through. When other companies decided it might be a good idea and wanted to target that market themselves, Negroponte flipped out and started attacking them for trying to undermine his project. In order to explore One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) and its mission to improve education in developing countries, it is necessary to first understand the nature of living in these countries. The UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights establishes health, food, and education as basic human rights, but people living in developing countries are deprived of these seemingly simple and obvious necessities. Founder of OLPC and MIT professor Nicholas Negroponte firmly believes that education is the solution and that children are the world’s most precious natural resource. Combining these thoughts, he founded OLPC in 2005 as a response to the educational needs of children in developing countries. At the 2005 World Economic Forum, he presented that a $100 laptop in the hands of every child would empower them to learn from and to teach each other. As CTO of OLPC Mary Lou Jepsen said, the â€Å"laptop is a vehicle to transform education around the world.† In order to bring this idea to reality, OLPC set out to design a laptop that would fit in the context of the developing world. 2.Do you agree with Negroponte’s decision to partner with Microsoft? Yes, I think it is a good initiative because now that the XO laptop will be available in both Linux and Windows varieties and we can view it as an opportunity for OLPC to expand in a couple of ways. Moreover, now it will have a broader acceptance in the community and the other is to have more software and software developers available. The OLPC’s philosophy of openness is behind its decision to allow Microsoft software on the machines, but it would be hard for OLPC to say it was ‘open’ and then be closed to Microsoft. According to Negroponte, the XP announcement is the latest development in a long-running collaboration between the project and Microsoft. Microsoft was also interested in this project and was working to see if it could get Windows XP up and running on the OLPC devices. To make it work, Microsoft needed to get the operating system to boot from an SD card and to create drivers to work with OLPC’s unique features, such as its touchpad and e-book reader mode. Negroponte said the ability to run Windows is a must-have in some countries. For example, he said, Uruguay made it a requirement in its recent solicitation. Even in other countries where Windows is not required, Negroponte said compatibility with the Microsoft operating system still helps give the laptop credibility. Meanwhile, Negroponte stressed that he is not giving up on Linux and ultimately aims to deliver machines that can boot into either operating system. There’s no premeditated plan that one is going to dominate over the other because both is a very powerful option. Though, there is obviously cost issues, which is necessarily higher for Windows, because it requires more hardware than Linux. Language support is possible for any community in Linux, but in Windows it depends on the good will of Microsoft, or rather the bottom line market analysis results that Microsoft works from. But according to Negroponte, he was mainly concerned with putting as many laptops as possible in children’s hands. 3.Assess the thinking behind the â€Å"give one, get one† promotion. Do you think this is a good marketing tactic? Yes, it is a good marketing tactics but it also brought about some drawbacks with it which is inevitable. Since, OLPC initially stated that no consumer version of the XO laptop was planned. The project, however, later established a website to accept direct donations and ran a â€Å"Give 1 Get 1† (G1G1) offer starting on November 12, 2007. The offer was initially scheduled to run for only two weeks, but was extended until December 31, 2007 to meet demand. With a donation of $399 to the OLPC â€Å"Give 1 Get 1† program, donors received an XO-1 laptop of their own and OLPC sent another on their behalf to a child in a developing country. Shipments of â€Å"Get 1† laptops sent to donors were restricted to addresses within the United States, its territories, and Canada. Some 83,500 people participated in the program. Delivery of all of the G1G1 laptops was completed by April 19, 2008. Delays were blamed on order fulfillment and shipment issues both within OLPC and with the outside contractors hired to manage those aspects of the G1G1 program. According to Negroponte, the Give One, Get One project was both successful and not. It was a great success because there are 162,000 XO laptops gaining support for the project in the U.S. However, he still would like to see more sold. In order to make the project viable, Negroponte says they will need to sell about three million devices. The program also aims to lower the production cost of the laptop to the original target of $100. The OLPC program has the correct intentions, but a flawed philosophy and approach. Just deploying technology and expecting to work its magic is not the way to go. For the diffusion of the technology, it is crucial that we adopt to the local practices and constraints.

Econ 101

Economics: intro †¢Economic questions arise bc we want more than we can get. †¢Inability to satisfy want: scarcity †¢Incentives: rewards that encourage action or penalties that discourage action. †¢Economics studies the allocation of scarce recourses among people †¢Alfred marshell (1842-1924) shaped macro economics †¢Joan robinson: â€Å" the main reason to study econ is to avoid being fooled by it Two main parts: A) Microeconomics: studying the choice of individual decision makers. And how they interact in markets B) macroeconomics: how the overall economy performs. 2 big questions 1.What, how and for whom do goods and services get produced? 2. When do choices made in self interest align with the social interest? Answer 1) †¢what: goods and services are objects that people value and are produced to satisfy human wants †¢how: factors of production. A) Land: natural recourses. B) labour: work time & effort. â€Å"quality of labour† (huma n capital). C) capital: tools, equipment, machines, computers, buildings.. D) entrepreneurship: human resource hat organizes the above. †¢For whom: who gets good: services depends on the incomes people earn. oLand=rent oLabour=wages oCapital=interest oEntrepreneurship=profitAnswer 2) †¢We make choices in self interest oChoices you think are best for you †¢Choices that are best for society are said to be in the â€Å"social interest† oUses resources efficiently oDistributes goods â€Å"fairly† When does self-interest align with social interest? (important) †¢Environmental issues †¢Bad corporate responsibility The â€Å"Economic† way of thinking Choice under scarcity => trade offs Opportunity cost: the highest valued alternative that you give up to get something. Choices at the â€Å"margin† †¢We look at the tradeoffs â€Å"at the margin† Marginal benefit (MB): benefit from an incremental increase in an activity.Marginal cost (MC): opportunity cost from an incremental increase in an activity. People respond to incentives MB>MC=> do more of an activity MB does less of an activity Lesson 2 Recap: †¢Economics oMicro oMacro †¢2 big question owhat, how, for whom oself interest vs social interest †¢opportunity cost otrade-offs †¢thinking at the â€Å"margin† Lesson 2 Water vs. diamonds Water: essential but almost costless Diamonds: not essential but very costly What is value? What gives things value? Labour theory of value: the value of a commodity is proportional to the amount of labour that goes into it. Abandoned: ex. Cement lifejacketEconomists think about value differently: 1. the value of something is what you’re willing to give up to get it. 2. Economists think about marginal value instead of total value. Water is plentiful= marginal value low Diamonds are scarce= marginal value high Positive and normative statements Positive: statements of facts about observable data Normative: statements about what ought to be. Value judgments Ex. 20% of teens smoke†¦ Positive: †¢Are you more likely to smoke if your parents do? †¢Does living location affect likelihood of smoking? †¢Are smoking rates different across education levels? †¢Self reported reasons for smoking Do prices affect smoking rates? Normative: †¢Kids shouldn’t smoke Cause and effect: Just because two things happen together doesn’t mean that one causes the other. Ex: ice cream sales & deaths by drowning †¢Both related to temperature Economists try to unscramble cause and effect by building models. Model: a purposeful simplification of the real world. Ex: paper airplane Simplification. Learn about: aerodynamics, wind structure†¦ Cant learn about: thrust, fuel capacity, engines†¦ Maps are models: Subway map †¢Lines †¢Stops Doesn’t show curves or turns Road map †¢Street names †¢Turns/curves Satellite photo à ¢â‚¬ ¢Adds detailGraphs: Reveal relationships between variables 3 main types: 1. Time series 2. Cross sectional 3. Scatter plots Lesson 3 Recap: water/diamonds†¦ Value: what you’re willing to give up to get something †¢Positive vs normative †¢Cause & effect oModels †¢Graphs in economics The Economic problem †¢Production possibilities frontier (ppf) Model: focus on tradeoffs between 2 goods. (holding other goods constant) PPF shows boundary between what we can produce and what is unattainable Building a PPF: First good: â€Å"numbers† Ex. X + 3=7 Second good: â€Å"words† Our PPF for X’s & words EX. In textbook PFF’s show marginal cost. opportunity cost of producing one more unit† Preferences& marginal benefit †¢your â€Å"likes† and dislikes marginal benefit: what your willing to give up to get an additional unit of something what does MB look like? Principle: the more you have of a good, the less you†™re willing to pay for an additional unit. Allocative efficiency: $ up the left side of graph, pizza across the bottom. MC is a positive incline, MB is a negative decline at pt Awe have allocative efficiency. We cant produce more of any one godd without giving up some other good that we value more highly lesson 4 recap: †¢allocative efficiency (MB=MC)Economic growth isn’t free 2 key factors †¢Technological change oresearch and development †¢Capital accumulation oDevote resources to production of capital Both require resources that could be used for current consumption †¢Economic growth doesn’t eliminate scarcity †¢Opportunity cost of growth is reduced current consumption Consuming outside your PPF. †¢Gains from trade Imagine if you produced everything you consume†¦(â€Å"Autarky†) Producing one (or a few) goods and trading with others is called â€Å"specialization† Gains from specialization come from exploiting  "comparative advantage† Absolute Advantage: More productive at somethingComparative Advantage: Producing at a lower opportunity cost Ex: textbook smoothie bar example†¦ On lined paper Liz: absolute advantage in smoothies. And comparative advantage in smoothies Joe: no absolute advantage but comparative advantage in salads Where does Comparative advantage come from? †¢Over time people or countries can develop comparative advantage through repeated production. â€Å"learning by doing† (dynamic Comparative advantage) Economic Coordination? †¢Who organizes all this? Centrally planned economy: USSR, china†¦ Decentralized market system: most countries Decentralized markets rely on 4 institutions†¦ON MIDTERM . Firms: hire and organize factors of production 2. Markets: any arrangement that connects buyers and sellers 3. Property Rights: social arrangements that govern ownership and use 4. Money: any commodity or token that is generally accepted as a mea ns of payment Markets coordinate economic activity through price adjustments. Lesson 5 Demand and supply In a market system, economic coordination happens through price adjustment Competitive markets: many buyers and many sellers †¢Prices determine the rate at which goods can be exchanged Money Price: number of dollars Relative price: $price of one good relative to anotherEx: coffee:$2, gum$1 (Money), one coffee costs 2 gums Demand: different than â€Å"want† †¢To demand something you must: a. Want it b. Be able to afford it c. Plan to buy it Law of demand: holding everything else equal, the higher the price of the good the lower the quantity demanded 2 effects cause this: a. Income effect: when price increases, your money doesn’t buy as much b. Substitution effect: when a price increases people substitute to purchasing other goods Ways of representing demand: a. Demand schedule b. Demand curve: When the price of this good changes we move along the demand cur veChanges in Demand: when things other than the price of the good change, the demand curve shifts. Things that shift demand: †¢Nature †¢Quality †¢Tastes/preferences †¢Income †¢Price of other goods oComplements: consume these goods together (Ex. Shoes, always need both) oSubstitutes: consume one or the other †¢Expected future prices †¢Population Supply: a firm supplies a good if it†¦ a. Has the resources and technology to produce it b. Can profit from producing it c. Plans to produce and sell it Law of supply: holding everything else equal, the higher the price of a good, the more is supplied The supply curve:IN binder Example Changes in Supply: †¢Input prices †¢Prices of related goods produced †¢Expected future prices †¢Number of suppliers †¢Technology †¢nature Lesson 6 Market Equilibrium Equilibrium: a state where opposing forces balance each other †¢consists of a market price and quantity Changes in equilib rium (pg 74) 1. French fry demand 2. Market for cocaine 3. Market for kitchen sinks 4. Market for barrels of crude oil 5. Market for fresh orange juice Midterm exam review †¢20 multiple choice †¢2 short answers †¢Multiple choice worth 2points †¢Short answers worth 10 †¢Exam worth 60 †¢Chapters 1-3 Ch 1 †¢What is microeconomics Scarcity and tradeoffs †¢What is value †¢2 big questions owhat how and for whom oself interest vs. social interest †¢positive vs normative statements †¢graphs in econ Ch 2 †¢ppf and opportunity cost †¢marginal benefit and marginal cost †¢allocative efficiency †¢growth †¢specialization and trade †¢absolute and comparative advantage †¢economic coordination Ch3 †¢demand curve (law of demand) †¢movement along vs shifts of the demand curve †¢factors that shift the demand curve †¢supply curve (law of supply) †¢movement along vs shifts of the supply curv e †¢factors that shift the supply curve †¢equilibrium pg 74, 75 changes in equilibrium Lesson 7 October 11, 2011 Modeling demand 1. Demand schedule (table) 2. Demand curve (picture) 3. Demand equation Ex: in notebook In general: P=a-bQ. (a and b are some numbers) A: vertical intercept B: absolute value of slope Modeling supply* 1. G 2. G 3. Modeling equilibrium †¢At equilibrium price (P) quantity demanded equals quantity supplied Equilibrium quantity Q Ex: finding equilibrium Demand: p=800-2Q Supply: P=200+Q †¢Make the right hand side of each equation equal 800-2Q=200+Q 600=3Q 200=Q Elasticity (Ch 4) Law of demand: when price increases quantity demanded falls This gives us direction Elasticity measures how much demand changes Ex: Good X †¢Price increases by 1$ †¢Demand drops by 100 unts Good Y †¢Price increases 200$ †¢Demand drops by 1000 units Cant compare the 2! In order to compare goods we need a measure of responsiveness Price of elasticit y demand= % change in quantity demanded over % change in price Ex: ticket price 21$- 9tickets/hr 19$-11 tickets/hr Find elasticity of demand 1. % change in quantity =change in Q =2/(over) 10 (from 9 to 11) over Average Q Fuck it. In notebook What does elasticity number mean? In notebook Lesson 8Elasticity of demand = % change in quantity demanded/ over % change in price If elasticity is 1 elastic Tuesday October 18, 2011 What affects elasticity? 1. Closeness of substitutes 2. Proportion of income spent on a good 3. Time since price change Other Elasticities 1. Cross elasticity = %change in demand for x % change of price of good Y if X & Y are: Substitutes: positive Complements: negative 2. Income elasticity = %change in demand %change in income bigger than 1: income elastic. As income increases demand increases a lot Between 0 &1: income inelastic. Income increases, demand increases by a littleNegative: inferior good. Income increases, demand decreases Elasticity of Supply = % Chang e in quantity supplied % Change in price What affects supply elasticity? 1. Resources substitutions possibilities 2. Time frame for supply decisions Efficiency and Equity (Ch5) Markets are one way of allocating goods Do they do a good job? A. Efficiency (do the goods go to those that value them the most? ) B. Fairness Ex. X pins†¦ how should we allocate them? 1. Contest: 5 highest grades Ex sports, performance bonuses Pros: †¢May encourage effort Cons: †¢Goods may not go to those people that value them the most 2.First come, first serve: first 5 people to show up get them Ex: walk in clinics Pro: †¢People who value the good highly will line up early Con: †¢May get allocated to those with a low opportunity cost of their time 3. Command System: I decide who gets them Ex: how tasks get allocated inside a firm Pro: †¢May work well when tasks/people are familiar and authority well defined Con: †¢ I can’t tell who values the good the most 4. Lotte ry: draw names from a hat. Ex. Dorm rooms Pros: †¢Fair†¦everyone gets an equal shot Cons: †¢No reason to expect that high value people will get the good 5. Majority rule voteEx, voting politicians Pro: everyone gets an equal say Con: special interest group 6. Personal characteristics If you have a brown belt Ex. Relationships Pros: may work if characteristic highly related to value people have for the good Cons: discrimination 7. Force: everybody fights Ex organized crime/war Cons: strongest might not value the highest Pros: Force can work well in the background oCourts can forcibly reallocate goods 8. Market Mechanism oWhoever is willing to pay the price gets the good Pros: people who have high values are willing to pay more and are more likely to get itCons: people might not have enough money Tuesday October 18, 2011 Midterm #2 November 3 (Ch 4,5,6) †¢Demand and supply †¢Elasticity (ch 4) †¢Efficiency and equity (ch 5) Obstacles to efficiency †¢P rice and quantity regulations (gov’t actions) †¢Taxes and subsidies (gov’t actions) Externalities: your actions impose costs or benefits on others Ex. Smoking. A person might take into account only their own personal benefits and costs but ignore social costs. (second and smoke) OR. Pollution. Firm doesn’t account for external social cost that its production creates. Public Goods A.Consumption by one person doesn’t â€Å"use up† the good. B. Anyone can consume the good without paying Ex: lighthouse: people want to use these goods without paying. â€Å"freeriding†. These are usually under provided Monopoly: a single firm sets the market price †¢Price is higher, quantity is lower Fairness 1. Utilitarianism, (Jeremy bentham, John Stuart mill) †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Greatest Happiness for the greatest number† †¢people are roughly the same †¢the marginal value of money is lower when you have more of it †¢Redistribute wea lth to achieve equality (tax rich, subsidize poor) Problems: A) taxing income: less income generation (work)B) taxing capital: less capital produced (slower growth) C) costs in administering taxes (more fair but size of the â€Å"pie shrinks) 2. Rawls: theory of Justice †¢Fairness of society judged by the well being of the person who is poorest †¢(Equal shares of a small pie) may be worse than (unequal shares of a larger pie) 3. Fairness in Rules, not outcomes †¢Emphasis on equality of opportunity Robert Nozick A. Strong private property rights B. Private property should only be transferred through voluntary exchange Problems: A. No room for redistribution after the fact B. No taxes or government since these aren’t voluntaryGovernment Actions in Markets (Ch 6) Price ceiling: gov’t regulations that makes it illegal to charge a price higher than some specified level †¢Set above equilibrium price= no effect †¢Set below equilibrium price= Example in notebook Black market †¢Illegal market in which price is higher than price ceiling †¢Graph in notebook †¢ Thursday October 27, 2011 20 m/c few short answer midterm review: †¢Note on demand on supply equations (end of ch 3) †¢Elasticity (Ch 4) know how to calculate and know what it is †¢Efficiency and equity (Ch 5) *consmer and producer surplus †¢Government actions in markets (Ch 6) Price ceilings oPrice flooring oTaxes Price Floors: Mandatory minimum price Ex. Minimum wage Graph in notebook †¢Unemployment increases search costs †¢More power to firms in hiring decisions †¢Black markets oEx. Illegal labour markets where people are paid below the min wage oIn notebook Taxes: When the government taxes a good the price paid by consumers and the price received by producers are now different Ex. Gov’t puts a $5 (per unit) tax on producers In notebook Tuesday November 1, 2011 Midterm Thursday Material: 1. Note on demand and supply equations. (end of Ch 3) 2. Elasticity (Ch4) †¢Price elasticity Elasticity and total revenue (figure 4. 5 in text) †¢Cross elasticity and income elasticity †¢Supply elasticity 3. Efficiency and equity (Ch 5) †¢Alternative allocation methods †¢Consumer and producer surplus †¢Efficiency of equilibrium †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"fairness† 4. Government Actions (Ch 6) †¢Price ceilings †¢Price floors †¢Taxes Tuesday November 14, 2011 Global Markets Many of the goods and services you consume aren’t produced in Canada Ex. Iphones (all over), clothes (china), tech support (india) †¢Part of the globalization process oImports: goods we buy from other countries oExports: goods we sell to other countriesGlobal Imports: Exports in 2008 =$35 trillion Canada: †¢exports: $535 billion. Agriculture, forestry, energy, mining, machinery, automotive, aircraft †¢Imports: $503 billion In binder example Tariffs: a tax imposed by the importing coun try on goods that come from another country Arguments for protection 1. Infant industry Argument †¢We need to protect domestic industries when they start so that they can mature enough to compete on world markets. †¢Develop comparative advantage †¢Everyone can argue this 2. Barriers to trade to protect jobs. †¢Trade costs jobs †¢There isn’t a â€Å"fixed number of jobs† †¢Trade also creates jobs

Prueba de ADN para la tarjeta de residencia permanente

Prueba de ADN para la tarjeta de residencia permanente Durante los trmites para obtener la tarjeta de residencia por peticià ³n de un familiar es posible que se exija  una prueba de ADN para probar que efectivamente existe un và ­nculo de sangre entre la persona que pide los papeles y el potencial migrante para el que se solicitan. Tanto los ciudadanos americanos como los residentes permanentes legales pueden solicitar tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida por green card, para diferentes familiares pero el gobierno quiere estar seguro de que esa relacià ³n es verdadera. Por ello es importante conocer por quà © se puede pedir un test de ADN, si es necesario o voluntario o, en este à ºltimo caso, si es recomendable tomarlo y, finalmente, cà ³mo es la tramitacià ³n de todo el proceso.  ¿Por quà © se puede pedir una prueba de ADN en las peticiones de familia? Las pruebas de ADN sirven para probar genà ©ticamente la relacià ³n biolà ³gica entre dos personas en la tramitacià ³n de las visas de familia.   Por ejemplo, que entre solicitante y pedido hay efectivamente una relacià ³n de padre e hijo, madre e hijo, hermanos o hermanastros, etc. Para probar esta relacià ³n es siempre necesario contar con ejemplos biolà ³gicos de las dos personas cuya relacià ³n familiar se trata de establecer. Generalmente basta con pasar un bastoncillo por el interior de la boca.  ¿Es obligatoria la prueba de ADN en todas las peticiones por familia biolà ³gica? No, y de hecho son la excepcià ³n. Generalmente se prueba la relacià ³n entre solicitante y pedido ms all de toda duda, mediante documentos, como por ejemplo, el certificado o acta de nacimiento. Como son pruebas caras y que lleva tiempo practicarlas sà ³lo se solicitan estas pruebas cuando no existen otros medios para demostrar la relacià ³n entre dos personas, como pueden ser documentos o fotografà ­as, o por la razà ³n que sea se sospecha de que el và ­nculo biolà ³gico puede no ser real.   Es tambià ©n ms comà ºn que este tipo de prueba se solicite cuando la tarjeta de residencia se tramita mediante un procedimiento consular que cuando se gestiona todo el proceso dentro de los Estados Unidos mediante un ajuste de estatus. Lo cierto es que es ms importante prestar atencià ³n a otros posibles problemas que pueden surgir en el proceso, como asegurarse de que se cumplen con los requisitos econà ³micos para patrocinar, que se va a pasar el examen mà ©dico al que sà ­ deben de someterse todos los candidatos a migrantes y, finalmente, que no afecta ninguna de las circunstancias que provocan que la tarjeta de residencia sea denegada.   Trmites para la prueba de ADN para la green card cuando se pide Cuando el oficial consular o cualquier funcionario migratorio  solicita una prueba de ADN, el beneficiario de la tarjeta de residencia, si à ©sta se llega a conceder, decide voluntariamente si se somete o no a la prueba. De realizarla, debe cancelar el costo à ©l mismo o el solicitante de la tarjeta (su padre, madre, hijo, hija, hermano o hermanastro) el importe por la prueba, que deber ser abonada al laboratorio antes de realizarse. Solamente pueden realizarse las pruebas de ADN en uno de los laboratorios acreditados por la Asociacià ³n americana de bancos de sangre (AABB, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Es importantà ­simo verificar que el laboratorio que va a hacer el anlisis est incluido en esa lista. Si no lo est, la Embajada o el consulado americano no admitirn las pruebas y se habr gastado el dinero en vano. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que hay mucho fraude en este rubro y muchos laboratorios aseguran estar autorizados para realizar estas pruebas para las oficinas consulares americanas y no lo estn. Asà ­ que es muy recomendable tomar el tiempo necesario para checar la lista y una vez que se tenga buscar el laboratorio ms conveniente por su localizacià ³n. El laboratorio enviar el kit directamente a la oficina consular. Jams al solicitante o al beneficiario de la peticià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia. La prueba se har en la propia oficina consular previo pago del arancel correspondiente por los servicios del mà ©dico que har que tomar la muestra. El dà ­a de la cita para este asunto, el beneficiario de la peticià ³n de la visa de inmigrante debe presentarse a la hora fijada con su pasaporte, una foto y el recibo de haber pagado por los servicios mà ©dicos. Una vez que se ha tomado la prueba de ADN, el propio consulado enviar el kit directamente al laboratorio en los Estados Unidos. Y cuando à ©ste obtenga los resultados, se notificarn directamente a la oficina consular. Y una vez que los tenga decidir cancelar el proceso de tramitacià ³n del permiso de residencia o seguir con el mismo. El beneficiario, si asà ­ lo desea, puede solicitar directamente al laboratorio una copia de los resultados. La oficina consular americana nunca otorgar tal copia. A tener en cuenta para tener à ©xito en la peticià ³n de la green card por familia Que la prueba de ADN demuestre que es verdad que el solicitante y el beneficiario son familiares no significa que la peticià ³n de la residencia permanente vaya a ser aprobada. Simplemente quiere decir  que ese requisito ha sido satisfecho. Las peticiones de tarjetas de residencia pueden ser rechazadas por diversas causas. En la mayorà ­a de los casos, si eso sucede asà ­, ser posible pedir un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como  waiver o permiso. Que puede ser o no concedido. Es muy importante en estos casos contar con el asesoramiento de un abogado migratorio con excelente reputacià ³n y con experiencia en este tipo de casos. Tambià ©n es importante, antes de iniciar los trmites, tener una idea aproximada de cunto van a tardar los papeles, ya que en muchos casos la demora es mucho ms grande de lo que se cree. Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este quiz - trivia  o test- para verificar que se tiene los conocimientos bsicos para obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia. Es difà ­cil conseguirla. No es conveniente arriesgarse a una denegacià ³n o una cancelacià ³n por falta de informacià ³n. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.